PAHARIA, of the Santal pargana, number about 41,000. They are arranged into two tribes, those who live in the Rajmahal hills, and the Naiga Paharia on the plains to the west. The former live by grain crops reared on the slopes of the hills, and by bartering in the plains the hill bamboos, and the grass and timber which grow in luxuriant profusion in every direction. The Paharia are addicted to drink. The Bhagulpur hill" rangers were principally composed of this people. But since Mr. Cleveland's settlement at the close of the 18th century many of them receive pensions. The Naiga Paharia have no right of forest or well-wooded hills. Both the Paharia tribes are low in the social scale. Their language is called Male or Rajmahali, and its basis is Dravidian. The Male or Rajmahali are low in stature, but stout and well proportioned. There are many less than 4 feet 10 inches, and perhaps more under 5 feet 3 inches than above that standard ; but 5 feet 3 inches is about the average height of the men. Buchanan Hamilton says that the features and complexion resemble those of all the rude tribes he had seen on the hills from the Ganges to Malabar. Their noses are seldom
arched, and are rather thick at the points, owing to their nostrils being circular. Their lips are full, but not at all like those of the Negro ; on the contrary, their mouths in general are very well formed. Their eyes, instead of being hid in fat, and placed obliquely like those of the Chinese, are exactly like those of the Europeans. Their women, though hard worked, are far from having harsh features. The Male head, like that of the Kol, has moro of an elongated oval than that of a lozenge shape. The forehead is not narrow, and the lateral projection of the zygomata is com paratively small. The Male or hill man is described by Captain Sherwell as much shorter than the Santal, and of a much slighter make. He is nearly beardless, is not of such a cheerful disposition, nor is he so industrious.—Cal. Review, Dec. 1860 ; Mr. Logan in JI. In. Arch.