During the administration of Lord Hastings, the most powerful of the captains were Amir Khan, Chetoo, and Karim Khan. Amir Khan had an organized army of many regiments and several batteries of cannon. In 1814 he had 30,000 horse and foot, and a strong force of artillery, whom he supported by exactions on the Rajput states. Karim, in 1807? paid a ransom to Sindia of £100,000.
Chetoo during 1817 had been encamped at Ashta, on the Parbati river, some 40 miles distant from Bhopal ; a second camp of Pindara was under Karim Khan, north of the town of Ashta, near Bairsa ; and a third, under Wasil Muhammad, near Garspur, 35 fillies west of Saugor. But between Chetoo and Karim Khan the enmity was such as to preclude the formation of any common plan of action. They were hemmed in by divisions of the army of India under Sir Dyson Marshall, Sir John Malcolm, Sir Thomas Hislop, Colonel Adams, and the Marquis of Hast and one part after another was surprised and broken up. Amir Khan disbanded his army on condition of being guaranteed the possession of what is now the principality of Tonk. Karim Khan was granted a jaghir, value Rs. 1,60,000 per annum, near Gorakhpur, on the Nepal frontier. Wasil Muhammad was placed at Ghazipur, on the Ganges, but, disgusted with so tame a life, he poisoned himself ; and Chetoo, refusing all offers, about February 1818 fled to the forest, and was destroyed by a tiger in the jungle near Asirgarh. He was the last of the Pindara chiefs in the field.
In the same year (1817), and almost in the same month (November), as that in which the 11'indaras were crushed, the three great Maliratta powers at Poona, Nagpur, and Indore rose separately against the British. The I'cshwa himself surrendered, and was permitted to reside nt BitInn., near Cawnpur, on a pension of eight
lakhs of rupees. The districts in Central India and Malwa were left in a disorganized state : the Mahratta chiefs had parcelled out amongst them selves the possessions of the Rajput chiefs, and the smaller states were all subject to Sindia, Ilolkar, or the Puar, and sometimes to all three. Many of the smaller chiefs had been driven from their possessions, and had sought refuge in the jungles and mountains, where ' they robbed or levied tankhah or black-mail from the larger states. These predatory chiefs were twenty-four in number at Sir J. Malcolm's time.
The capture of Atghar on the 8th April 1819, was the closing operation of the war against the l'indara and the Mahrattas, under Appa Sahib, .1.1aji Rao, and Ilolkar. It had lasted from the 5th November 1817 to the 13th May 1819, during which the British forces had conducted a remark able number of sieges, and forced marches by night and day. More than thirty hill fortresses had been captured, and a space of nearly 40 geograph ical degrees, which for half a century had been scenes of continued anarchy, was freed from the most destructive of military insolence, of a vast number of well-armed, reckless, and predatory hordes. No grand battle was fought, and much was effected by political sagacity. Ilolkar's power and territories were reduced, Appa Sahib became a fugitive, Baji Rao a pensioner, and Sindia's power reduced ; while treaties were entered into between the E. I. Company and the rajas of Jodhpur, Jeypore, Jeysulmir, Bikanir, Dungarpur, Partabghur, Banswara, Sirohi, Krish nagliur, Kisauli, Bundi, and Kotah. 134 European officers and 3042 of other ranks had been killed and wounded.