Dantmara orientalis, a huge tree of tho Archipelago, has been designated by seven names by different botanists, viz. Abies (lemmata, Poir. ; Agathis dammara, Rich. ; Ag. lomnthifolia, Salisb. ; Dam mam alba, .flumph. ; Dammara loranthifolia, Spach. ; l'inus &inmate, Lamb. ; and P. Sumat tana, Hort. Belv. It yields the Darner putch (white) and Darner katu of the Malays. It hangs from the tree like icicles, and is sold in Great Britain as East Indian damrner, to be used by varnish makers. Externally it is whitish from the powder ; below that, it is of a straw colour or pale amber.
Cassia aurieulata gum is prized in India for ite medi cinal value.
Camphor anti Camphor Oil of commerce are obtained from the Dryobalanops camphora of Surnatra and Borneo. The oil is employed in rheumatism and as a varnish.
Dragon's blood, in lump and in reed, is used as a pig ment. It is supposed to be derived from Calamus draco of S. China, Java, Sumatra, and perhaps of Burma.
Galbanunt is a product of the Ferule galbaniflua, Buhse, a plant of Persia, but other species are also indi cated as yielding both it anti sagapenum.
Gamboge.—Several. of the Garcinia yield the gamboge of commerce, but G. morella, pictoria, and Wightii, of the best qualities, and the most abundantly.
Gardenia.—The Dike, math or Kumbi pisin of India, a resin valuable in native surgery, is from the G. gummifera and G. lucida.
Garjan oils, from the Dipterocarpus alatus, D. incanus, and D. turbinatus, are known also as wood-oils. They are large trees, natives of Burma and the islands in tho Straits of Malacca. At the end. of the dry season, in March or April, several deep incisions are made with an axe into the trunk of the tree, and a good-sized piece scooped out. Fire is placed iuto the cavity, and is kept burning till • the oil begins to run. This when allowed to rest, 1 separates into two layers, the upper consisting of a clear cbesnut - coloured liquid balsam, and the lower, which is a flocculent deposit of the more solid resin, of a light ash colour. They are much used as natural varnishes for in-door work, but I when dry are very brittle, and require constant renewal. The wood-oil of the D. tuberculatus, a tree of Chittagong and Burma, is known to the Burmese by the name of Eng.
Doona Zeglanica, Thumites, yields Doona dammer. In colour and appearance it much resembles pine resin.
Gab, the resin of the Diospyros glutinosa, is used for caulking boats and canoes.
Hardwiekia. —The dark red balsam of the liardwickia pinnate is exactly like copaiba in appearance and properties. It is a tree of the Travancore Ghats and of S. Carrico.
Liquidambar genus has two species, L. altingia anti L. orientate, both of them furnishing useful balsamic products. That of tho former, a tree of Tcnasserian and the Archipelago, is the Bose Makes of com merce, the Rasa-mala of the Javanese, a fragrant balsamic fluid. It is obtained by putting fire around the tree. The L. orientate of Anatolia and Asia Minor yields the liquid stores, an oleo-resin which is imported into India. It is not the storax of the ancients, Its liquid stomx is obtained by pressing the inner bark. The outer bark is burned a.s a perfume.
Melanorrhcea usitatissinaa of Manipur and Burma yields a valuable natural varnish, which is extensively used.
The black varnish of Ceylon is from a species of Semecarpus. It is equal to the black varnimh of China for lacquering.
°Manton, also known ea Lublin, has been shown by Dr. (Sir George) Birdwood to be a product of Bon wellia Carterii, B. lilmu-Dajiana, and II. Frereana. Indian olibanuni is from B. thurifem, and its varieties glabra and serreta. The Nagtiana tree, one of the Burseraccre, yields also a luban of the bazars. B. thurifem, Coleb., of the Coromandel hills, S. Konkan, Belgaum, and Bundelkhand, is a gum-resin used as a gmteful incense, but is used in medicine for its atirnulant, astringent, and dia phoretic properties.
Turpentine of good quality is obtained by incisions in the trunk of the Pinus longifolia of the Himalayas. It is the Ganda-baroza of Indian commerce. It is used medicinally, internally, and oil of turpentine is extracted from it. Tar is obtained by burning chips of the wood. Tar is obtained also from chips of Pinus excelsa and of Ccdrus deodara. Pinus Massoniana of Burma and Japan yields a crude turpentine.
The oleo - resin from the Ceclrus deodare is the Kelon-ka-tel of the natives of Northern India.
Sarcocollv. has been by some supposed to be a product of Penma mueronata, but others think it is from an umbelliferous plant.
Ceylon fishermen pay their boats' bottoms with a tar obtained by the smothered combustion of chips of the Sethia Indica, a treo of S. India and Ceylon.