RUELLIA RINGENS. Linn. Upu-dala, MAL The juice of the leaves of this plant, boiled Nvith a. little salt, is supposed, on the Malabar coast, to correct a depraved sta.te of the humours. Ruellia intruea, Vahl, R. secunda, Vahl, R. Zeylanicrt, Roxb., are syns. of Asysta.sia Coroman deliana.—Nees.
It UELLIA. STREPENS.
Grendio tagarum, Kirendinyagum, . TAIL The small purple-coloured leaves and berries of this low-growing plant are sub-acid and bitterish to the taste. When bruised and mixed with castor-oil, they form a valuable application in cases of children's carpang.—Aiits.; Rheede's Hort. Malabar.
RUG, this kind of carpet is in extensive use for the carpeting of rooms and for iadividual use throughout all Central and Southern Asia, those of cotton being usually styled Bisat, Shatranji, and Dhurri, and the woollen fabrics Gallicha. The dhurri or dharri of Shahabad are made wholly of cotton, and almost invariably striped. They are cool and pleasant, and are in invariable use by the richer natives of India, and by all Euro peans. The smaller kinds are used as quilts for beds, and European soldiers use them for that purpose. The manufacturers are called Kalleeun Bap, and are almost invariably Multaminadans, who make carpets of any size and pattern given, and also in stripes. The two local seats of manufacture in Shaliabad are Bubbooah and Sasseram. In the former place, from Rs. 10,000 to 12,000 worth are yearly manufactured and sold, and in the latter from Rs. 30,000 to 40,000. The dhurris generally made for eale aro either 6 yards long and 2 yards broad, thick, and strong, of any colour, sold at from Rs. 6 to 6.8 each, or a small kind used as quilts, or to spread in lieu of any other bedding on the ground. They weigh from 2 to 3 lbs. each, and are I} to 1 f yards broad, by about 2 yarda long ; they sell at from 14 minas to 1 rupee 8 annas each, according to thickness and quality.
The Hauzhassica is a better kind of carpet, and often displays much taste in the arrangement of the striped colours. It is made of any size to fit any room, and is always sold by weight. The price varies according to quality front Rs. 1.4 to 1.12, and sometimes as high as Rs. 2.4 per
seer. It is sold in all the fairs and in all the large cities around, and no merchant or banker's shop, and no rich native's reception room, is corn plate without these being spread. This kind is generally used by Europeans for their drawing and public rooms.
Tho Muni panel' rangha is a small kind for title in small cutcherries, and much tuted from its porta bility. It is from 3 to 4 yards long, and from I f to 2 yards broad, and sells at from Ra. 3 to 4 each carpet.
Galliclaa carpets aro alinost always woollen, of florid but neat patterns, in imitation of the Peraian carpet. They are used to a considerable extent by the rich natives in their zananaa, and by Euro peans also. The size usually manufactured is 2 yards long by I yard broad, and they eell at from Rs. 2 to 4.8 per carpet. Any other aizes and patterns can be made, and some of the patterns aro extremely pretty. The wool costs but little ; the coarse local wools, which would not pay for ex portation, answer for carpet work, and the native dyes answer admirably. The colours are harmoni ous. A principal site of the manufacture of the woollen rugs was long the town of Ellore, but they are made in the Dekhan and in Mysore, of any size, to order. They are usually 3 feet broad and 6 feet long, and much used as sleeping rugs, and rugs for the drawing-room. They have been exported largely to Europe, where they are employed as hearth - rugs ; they are of various colours, prettily arranged, and sell at from Rs. 4 to 14, according to size. With some felted rugs the patterns are produced by laying on the coloured wools and felting them mto the substance of the carpet.
Serviceable and cheap Nvoollen rugs and very substantial cotton rugs can be got at Multan. Many carpets are made at the jails at Lahore, Agra, Allahabad, Bhagalpur, Tanna, and Mirza pore. Warangal was long famous for its silk carpets, and the harmony of colours and speciality of pattern are notable. The woollen carpets frotn the same place aro also peculiar. The craftsmen at Warangal claim Persian descent, and their pat terns seem to be of Persian origin.