The Jat divide with the Takshak the claim of being the parent natne of the various tribes called Scytbic invaders of India ; and Colonel Tod pos sessed an inscription of the 5th century, apply ing both epithets to the same prince, who is invested moreover with the Scythic quality of worshipping the sun. It states likewise that the mother of this prince \vas of the Yadu race ; strengthening their claims to a niche amongst the thirty-six Rajeula, as well as their Yadu descent. The fifth century of the Christian era, to which this inscription belongs, is a period of intereet in Jat history. De Guignes, from original authorities, states that the Yu-chi, or Jat, established them selves in the Panjab ia the 5th and 6th centuries, and the inscription alladed to applies to a prince whose capital is styled Salindrapura in these regions, and doubtless the Salivahanpur, where the Yadubhatti established themselves on the expulsion of the Tak. How'much earlier than this the Jat penetrated into Rajasthan, must be left to rnore ancient inscriptions to determine ; but in A.D. 440 we find him in power. .1 .
The evidence of coins and the names of Indian tribes or reigning families, such as the Saka, the Hun, and the Naga, point to Scythian settlements as far south as the Central Provinces of India.
The Jat, who form nearly one-half of the in habitants of the Panjab, are identified with the Getm, and their great subdivision the Dhe, with the Dahm, whom Strabo places on the shores of the Caspian. The existing division between the Jat and the Dhe has been traced back to the contiguity of the Massa-Getm and the Dahm, who dwelt by the side of each other in Central Asia. A similar descent has been traced to certain of the Rajput tribes, and until the 5th century A. D., the Jat and the Rajput intertuarried.
The northern or Tibetan form of Buddh ism, represented by Kanishka and his council ill .D. 40, made its way south to the plains of Hindustan, and during the next six centuries competed with the earlier Buddhism of Asoka. The Chinese Pilgrim, in A.D. 629-645, found both the northern or Scythic and the southern forms of Buddhism in full vigour in India.
As Chandragupta, who freed India from the Greeks, is celebrated in the drama Mudra-rakshasa, so Vikramaditya, the vanquisher of the Scythians, forms the central royal personage of the Hindu stage.
Another popular era, the Saka, literally the Scythian, takes its commencement ill A.D. 78, and is supposed to commemorate the defeat of the Scythians by a king of Southern India, Saliva hana. During the seven centuries which followed, three powerful monarchies, the Sah, Gupta, and Valabhi, established themselves in Northern and Western India. The Sahs of Saurashtra are traced by coins and inscriptions from B.C. 60 or 70 to
after A.D. 235. After the Sahs come the Guptas of Kanouj, in the N.W. Provinces, the middle land (Madhya - desha) of ancient Brahmanism. The Guptas introduced an era of their own, com mencing in A.D. 319, and ruled in person or by viceroys over Northern India during 150 years, as far to the south-west as Kattyawar. The Gupta dynasty was overthrown by foreign invaders, apparently a new influx of Huns or Tartars from the north-west (A.D. 450-470). The Valabhi suc ceeded the Gupta, and ruled over Cutch, Surat, Broach, Kaira, aud part of I3aroda and Malwa, from A.D. 480 to 722. Iliwen Thsang, 630-640, gives a full account of the Valabhi and of the prevailing Buddhist religion. The Valabliis seem to have been overthrown by the early Arab in vaders of Sind in the 8th century.
Mat-Wan-lin, on the authority of Chinese his torians, says the Yue-Chi or Scythians invaded India about B.C. 26, and remained in India till A.D. 222. According to Dr. Bhau Daji, these Yue Chi appear to have been the Abhira.
In the time of Ptolemy, the geographer, a large part of North-Western India was occupied by the Indo-Scythians. In the Nasik cave inscriptions, Ushavadata, the son-in-law of Naliapana, is called a Saka, and a Saka Sena is mentioned in the Kenheri caves. The prophetic chapters of the Puranas mention 16 Saka kings, 8 Yavana, 7 Abhira, and 10 Gardabhilla kings.
The Scythians who occupied the Yuzufzai coun try were the Sakm and Tochari.
The Takka or Takshaka were a Scythian migra tion about the 6th century B.C. Their settlements in the 4th century B.C. seem to Lave extended from the Paropamisan range in Afghanistan, to deep into Northern India, and are supposed to have been the great serpent race, the Naga, often mentioned in Sanskrit literature ; both Naga and Takshaka mean snake ; and they were tree and aerpent wet-31)41)ms. Tho Greek iztvaders, B.C. 327, found the Takka settled in the Rawal Pindi district, for which, from the 12th century, another Seythic raee, the Gliakhar, had been fighting.— Elphinstone's India; Tod's Rajasthan, i. p. 35 ; J. A. 8. B. vi. p. 677 ; Imp. Gaz.
SEA.
Bahr ARAB. Marc, . . . IT., LAT.
l'ing-lo, . . . Bmtm. Mar Mer, FR Samandram, • . . TAM See, GER Samudra, . . . TEL Darya, . HIND., Dcngiz, . . . Tunic Sea of China, Bahr-ul-Mallit ; Indian Ocean, Bahr -ul-Akhsar ; Red Sea, Bahr- ul - Ahmar ; Mediterranean, Bahr-td-Rum ; Dead Sea or Sea of Lot, Bahr-i-Lut ; sea flow and ebb, Madd-o-Jazr ; sea breeze, Nasitn-i-Bahr ; sea chart, Kinar Newell! ; sea-coast, Kinar, Sahilah-Ripa ; sea compass, Kiblah-Nooma ; sea ear, Darya gosh ; sea-horse, Fitras-ul-Bahr, Iiippocampus; seaport, Bandar ; sea-shell, Sadf, Sipi.