Chartnnar are 'medial slaves, whose name Wilson derives from ChM, MALEALAM, the ROO, They follow the rule of 31arurna-katayam. They are very diminutive, with a very black earn ilexion, and not 'infrequently woolly hair.
The 3Iukkavan is a fisherman caste of Malabar, also called Makwa, and their women 3fakoti.
The toddy-drawer of Malabar is called Katti Karats The Penni Malayan are a servile caste of 31alabar.
The Pulichi is a forest ttibe in 31alabar, who are deemed so unclean that they are not allowed to approach other castea.
The Cradi or Urali of Malabar are a asrvile race.
The Tiyar race in 31alabar are toddy-drawers and agriculturists.
The Palayan, Pullen, or Puller of Malabar is a servile caste, often slaves.
Balute, in the Mahratta countries, means the village officers, several of whom are predial slaves, as the 31har, Ileleyar or Dher, and Slhang,.
Badava-hrita i3 a female slave ; also a man who becomes a slave that he may marry a female slave in the family.
Banda, a Muhammadan slave; Bandi, a slave Ana-kala-Iffirita is a person who has voluntarily bscome so at a season of famine.
In the Tamil countries about Chinglepnt the Alandadey are a class of slaves.
In many of the countries bordering. on British ludia, the martial and predatory tribes regard tillage as beneath their dignity, and leave the cultivation of the soil to helots. In 1883, in the Chittagong tracts, slavery or vassalage in its broadest sense prevailed throughout the hill tribes. The rowaja or doyen, who is head of the village, owns his clan. They cannot disown his authority, their names are entered in his books ; they pay him poll-tax wherever they go, must work for him, and make him the first offerings of their prodttee. They have been bondsmen for generations, and the links are never severed until death takes them away, or they abandon their hotnesteads and leave the country. Rowajas or dewans in their turn OWn allegiance to their chief, to whom they pay the largest share of the poll-tax. The con dition of these tribes was very lamentable before Government took possession of the hills. The people were sold at the mere will of the chiefs or headmen ; and although this has been abolished, serfdom still prevails in the form described. Sir Lepel Griffin, writing in 1883, says he remembers the time when the Chamba peasants were little better than slaves, and widoss were publicly sold iu the market-place DS ordinary BOUTCC of revenue to the state.
With Multanninnsiana, whose creed sanctions polygamy, and ith them the Chinese, whose domestic customs necessitate prolonged itsolation, slavery and coneubinage are difficult to be avoided.
i There are many kinds of slaves in Assam din tinguislied by distinct appellations. The llooru kca is a kind of Chapsinea, neither servant, slave, nor equal, but partaking of all. The master pro vides the Moorukett with a pair of bullocks and a plough. and he tills his maater's land for two days. On the third day the Moornkea may plough his own ground with his tnaster's bullocks and plough.
Arakan.—The plundering expeditions of the tribes of the interior of Arakan are chiefly to obtain slaves. The village attacked is surrounded at night, and generally set on fire, or a volley of muskets is fired into it, and the inhabitants are seized as they attempt to escape front the burn ing houses. The males are put to death, and the women and children carried away into slavery. In the distribution of the slaves and plunder, the leader receives a double share. For the release of a captive thns taken, a ransom of Rts 200 is generally demanded.
The 3Ialays have two kinds of slaves, the ordi nary menial creature, originally non - Muham madan, and the debtor slave. When a debtor fails to pay his debt, the creditor is entitled by Malay law to remove him and his family to the creditor's house or grounds, where they all become part of his household. They svork for him without pay, and without credit given for the labour in reduction of the debt. The usual result is that the debt, with the enormous interest commonly charged, is never paid off, and the bondage becomes lifelong. On the death of the debtor the family remains liable for half the debt, and so continues in slavery. Such is the strict law. In practice, it give rise to gross abuses. The creditor sometimes gives the debtor's daughters in marriage, pocketing the sum which tho 3falay bridegroom pays for the virtue and charms of his bride. Sir James Brooke mentions with strong indignation the ease of a man to whom 16 reels were due, selling his debtor's daughter to a person of influence' for 30 reels. That Eng lish raja put down debtor slavery in Sarawak before he had been long there. The late raja of Kedah, a principality adjoining one of our settle ments, certainly did the same thing a few years ago ; and Mr. Davidson got it abolished in Salan gore during his brief residency there about the year 1876. There is no good reason why slavery in any form should be tolerated in Brititth Malay possessions.