TANBORA or Timber°, a volcano in the island of Sumbawa, in lat. 80° 20' S., and long. 118° E. Its summit is between 5000 and 7000 feet above the sea, which washes the base of the hill for three-fourths of its extent. From the lith to the llth April 1815, the mountain emitted dust and frequent loud sounds. The dust caused a haziness in the atmosphere at places many degrees distant from Timboro, and the sounds were heard equally far off. Between 7 A.m. of the llth aud 12th the dust fell in such quantities at GO miles off, as to produce a total darkness. Pinnice stone of a brown colour was thrown out from the crater in immense quantities. Great fields of it, with scorched trunks and branches of trees, were found floating in the neighbouring sea, and much of these were thrown up on the shores of Bali, Java, Madura, Celebes, etc.
The sea rnade a permanent inroad at the town of Timboro, which it covered to the depth of 3 fathoms. Thousands of the people, on the pen
insula formed by the mountain, and their houses, were destroyed. At Samanap, in long. 113°57' E., the explosions were heard for several days, and the dust caused a total darkness between 5 r.m. of the 11th and 11 A.M. of the 12th. At Soma baya, in long. 112° 58' E., the darkness was com plete between P.m. of the llth and 4 r.m. of the 12th ; and the effects of the eruption were felt at Batavia, in long. 106° 51' E., at Java Head, in long. 105° 11' E., at Monto, on the island of Barca, and at Bencoolen in Sumatra, in lat. 3° 48' S., and long. 102° 28' E., and at Macassar, in lat. 5° 10' S. and long. 119° 88' E. At Ternate, in lat. 0° 19'' N., and long. 127° 29' E., about noon on the llth April, the explosions were distinctly beard. —Mr. G. A. Stewart in Jameson's Ed. Jour»., 1820, iii. p. 389.