TORIKA are Japanese officers of noble blood, commanding troops, under the orders of the governors, whom they assist with their advice, and carry out their orders. The doosiu aro assist ants to tile Torika, serve as guards, do duty on board ship and in guard boats. Each of the dloosin is required to maintain a servant. The karoo are stewanls. The bugio are civil officers, of mnk of two swords, who exercise a controlling power over collectors, interpreters, and other in fel ior officers.
TORPEDINIDiE, the torpedo family of fishes, belonging to tho order Plagiostotni, and.the sub order Raiime. Several genera and species occur in Indian waters, viz. :— Torpedo inarmorata, Piss°, Indian Ocean, Cape, Medi terranean.
'1'. panthera, Ehrenb., Red Sea.
T. Smithii, Gthr., South Africa.
T. fusco-maculata, Ptrs., East Africa.
T. occidentalis, Storer.
T. sinus Persici, Kampfer, Persian Cull.
Narcino Tasmanlensis Bich., Australia.
N. thnlei, Mettle., EIU:t Indies, Japan.
N. /inkrula, Rick , China.
limos subidg-rum, Dun., Australia, Astrapo Capensis, CM/C, Madagascar.
A. ilipterygm, Bl., &ha., Indian Seas, China, Japan. Temera Hardwickii, Gray, East Indies, Penang.
Narci nu Indica, Astrape dipterygia, Temem I lard wickii, and Cysteocercus temerm occur in the Malay seas. Dr. Cantor says large individuals of
Narcine are of rare occurrence at Penang, but younger, from 3 to 6 inches in length, are taken at all seasons, and in or out of water they rimy be handled with impunity. Several species of fishes introduced into a)ar filled with sea-water, and con taining a large Nareine, showed no consequences from the contact, nor did they appear to avoid the torpedo. The food of this and the other Malayan Torpedinidie consists of crustacea and testacea. Torpedo, the narne of the principal genus, was founded by Dumeril upon the Raia torpedo of Linnmus, and some other species. The space between the head, the pectoral fins, and the branchire, is occupied by small vertical hexa,gonal tubes, which are filled with mucous matter, and largely provided with nerves from the eighth pair. The situation of these honeycomb-like cells, which constitute tbo electrical apparatus, is indicated on the upper surface by a slight convexity on each side of the head.
Risso described Torpedo narke, T. unimaeulata, T. inarmorata, and T. Galvani.