TULUVA, an ancient dominion of Southern India, lying between the Western Ghats and the sea, and between the Kalyanapuri and Chandra giri rivers ; lat. 12° 27' to 13° 15' N., and long. 74° 45' to 75° 30' E., with a coast-line of about 80 tniles. It is now merely a linguistic division of that part of British India. Tulu is spoken by about 446,011 inhabitants of the tract de scribed above, the centre of which is Mangalore. It is considered one of the cultivated Dravidian languages, though it has no literature, and is written either in the Malealam or the Canarese cha racter. Tulu has been to a 'great extent displaced by Canarese, the language of the conquering power about the 15th century. It now prevails, though not exclusively, from the north border of Malabar (Kavai), where it is much mixed with Malealam. to Udapi in the north. Mangalore, Mulki, and Udapi are the chief places where it is spoken. It is a dialect of the Canarese, and closely allied to the Toda, Badaga, and Coorg dialects. Malealam is a dialect of Tamil. By tlialect is here meant that many centuries ago Tula was the same as Canarese, and Malealam the same as Tamil. Tutu, Toda, Badag,a, and Coorgi are far more closely allied to Canarese, and Malealam to Tamil, than Canarese, Tamil, and Telugu are to one another.
The Tula people are part of the Dravidian race. The law of succession prevailing amongst them is called Aliya Santana. This is in force amongst the Sudm tribes, and a tribe that follows it is probably Tulu. The race does not include Brahmans or low ca.stes, who are mostly immi
grants from the other parts of S. India, though in sonie cases they have imitated the Aliya Santana custom.
In S. Malabar descent to sons is the law ; but in N. Malabar, amongst the Nair, the artisan castes, carpenter, brass-smith, blacksmith, and goldsmith, also the Tiar, who are toddy-timwera, and the Mukwa, fishermen, are all polyandrists, and descent of property goes hi the female line. In N. Malabar this law of descent is called Marnma-katayam, and the Muhammadan Moplah has conformed to this usage. In Camara. a similar law, called Aliya S.'antana, or nephew inherit ance, prevails, and is in practice more strictly carried out than in N. Malabar. in N. :Malabar the adherents to Mamma-kat/1y= form united family conminnities termed Tarwaati. The senior member of whatsoever branch is the head of the family, and i3 termed Karnaveu ; the other mem bers are styled Anandraver. The remotest member is acknowledged as one of the family, and entitled to maintenance if living under subordination to the head of the family, and taking part in theF religious observances. For the women there is nothing analogous t,o the state of widowhood.as existing elsewhere. Whether in alliance with men or not, they reside in their own families. The Nair marries before he is ten years of age, but though lie supports he never associates with his wife, who receives at her pleasure any caste men.—Imp. Gaz.
TUM, a weight in Mysore of 32 lbs., 2 irase.