WYNAD, the highland division of the Malabzu district, Madras, lying between lat. 11° 27' and 11°458'•N., and between long. 75° 50' 45'' and 76° 41' E. ; containing (in 1881) 16 amshome or parishes; and 88,091 inhabitants, and covering an area of 1180 square miles. The 1Vynad consists of a table-land amid the Western Ghats, 60 miles long by .30 broad ; avera,g6 height above sea-level, 3000 feet. Bounded on the north by Georg, on the east by Mysore (Maisur), on the, south by the Neilgherries and Ernad taluk, and on the west by Calicut, Kurumbranad, and Kottayam taluks of Malabar. Gold seems to be almost universally distributed throughout the soils and quartz veins of the Wynal. Gold has always been washed. for- in the beds of the Wynad rivers, and from 1877 to 1881 there arose the wildest speculation in the form of 21 gold reining companies, with capital to the amount of about three millions ; but in 1882 the bubble burst. The forests contain much valuable timber. In the teak belt are several bands of Kurumbar, some of the Jani, and others of Mooly caste. They amount to about--Kurumbar, 200 ; Gurchea, 50 ; Panniar and Pooliar, 100 ; Chetty a,nd squatters, 50. The former live
entirely in the forest. They are the only axe men, and without them it would be difficult to work a forest. The Kurumbar, through their headmen, are held responsible, and the Chetty are also responsible for their Panniar or farm slaves. The Kurumbar ho.s no lack of labour. His services are constantly called for by the wood contractor and the planter. They will not leave their haunts in the forest for any time.—Rep. Con. For. p. 26, and 1861-62, p. 1.
X is the 24th letter of the English alphabet, and has been borrowed from the Greek ; there is no such letter in any Asiatic language. At the beginning of words it has the sound of z ; at the end of words and in the middle and end of some, it takes the sound of ks, as in lax, axis ; blit in the middle of other words it has the sound of gs, . as in example, exhaust. It has been sometimes the practice to represent the Sanskrit ksh by the letter x, but ksh is an acknowledged compound of k and sh, and its representation therefore by a single letter is not advisable, nor is it necessary.