SAN-PU, or Ya-ru-tsang-po-chu, is the great river of Southern Tibet, and is supposed to be the Brahmaputra river, and to take its rise on the north face of the Himalaya, in lat. 30° 25' N., and long. 82° 5' E. 1Vinding its way through Tibet. and washing the borders of the territory of Lhassa, it then turns suddenly south, and falls into the Brahmaputra, under the name of Diliang. A native, G—m—n, sent by Lieutenant Harman to Tibet to trace the San-pu to the eastward, returned after having followed the river to a point where its course turned southward nearly north of the spot where the Diliang emerges from the mountains into the Assam valley. All therefore tends so far to support the view that the San-pu and Dihang are identical. At the same time the question cannot be considered settled until the two rivers are actually traced into connection with each other. If the Sau-pu be the Dihang branch of the Brahma putra, then it has a fall of about 7000 feet in about 160 miles, or 40 feet per mile, which its not a very great fall for Himalayan rivera. The explorer was told that the nver, after flowing through the Gimuchen country, entered a land ruled by the British. The Dihang river has at its mouths a discharge, at minimum level of the year, of b5,000 cubic feet per second, or four times that of the Subansiri river, and twice that of the 13rahntakund branch of the BmInnaputra river.
The wild Abor, who live in the Dihang valley, trade with Assam and Tibet ; the more wealthy among them wear Tibetan woollen& They say their river comes from the far north-west ; and survey operations in Assam have shown there is a great gap in the snowy ranges through which the Dihang passes, and that thereabouts (to N.W. of the mouth of the Dihang) is much low-lying country. G—m—n states that from:Gyatsa Jong., to Gyala Sindong the river ;is of very variable width, and is in places very narrow ; at Gyala Sindona it is but 150 paces wide, though deep and wit") modemte current. One of 31ajor 31ont gomery's pandits passed round 3fount Everest northwards to the San - pu river, and thence south-west over the Dingri 3faidain, the broadest plateau on the south of the Himalayan water shed that is drained by streams flowing direct into India. Besides determining the position of many peaks invisible from India, he threw light on the geography of tho ba.sin to the Arnu, the largest feeder of the Kosi, which drains the whole of Eastern Nepal.