In Norway the census is taken by the magistrates in towns, and in the country by the rectors of parishes. The inquiries extend to the number of cattle and the production of grain. Temporary ab sentees are returned in the family to which they belong, and as casual strangers and visitors are not returned, the census comprises those only who have house and home in the country. The number of idiotic and of deaf and dumb persons is distinguished. Under the head of occu pations, persons having more businesses than one are returned under each. A general census has been five times taken in Norway : in 1769, 1801, 1815, 1825, and in 1835 ; and as the census is taken decennially, there will be one in 1845.
In Denmark the census is both varied and minute, and in the information which it gives it does not differ much from the Swedish census.
The census of Sardinia, made in 1838, is said to be as complete in its objects and method as any in Europe. It was exe cuted under the superintendence of a Central Statistical Commission assisted by local committees for the several provinces, consisting each of five members, besides the " Intendente" of the province, who acted as its president. The system of enumeration by names was adopted, and the returns showed, for each person in a population of 4,650,370 souls, the name and surname ; age ; civil condition, whe ther single, married, or widowed ; place of birth, whether in the province in which they resided, or subjects born in some other province ; residents who were foreign subjects ; occupation ; and re ligious profession.
In Austria the census is taken every year, but neither sex nor occupations are distinguished ; but this defect is partially remedied by the very accurate registry which is kept of the births, marriages, and deaths.
In the vast empire of Russia a census of the population is taken, but we are unable to state at what intervals ; and there is a re gistration of births, marriages, and deaths.
In Portugal a census was taken in 1841. In Spain a census has been taken at irregular periods ; but at present the number of the population is only con jectured.
There is not at the present time a single European state (Turkey excepted) in which a census of the population is not taken with more or less minute ness; and this is accompanied, with few exceptions (amongst which are Scotland and Ireland), by a more or less per fect system of registering every birth, marriage, and death. [REcasTrieTios OF