A number of cases of renal inflamma tion due to a characteristic bacillus, from cultures of which he has been able to reproduce the nephritis in rabbits. The symptoms are in general similar to those in other cases of nephritis, but usu . ally are of a mild form, and are apt to show a predominance of the gastric phenomena. Letzerich (Zeit. f.
Ned., B. 18,, II. 5, 6).
Renal inflammation characterized by the presence of micro-organisms, which present themselves as rods and spores (cocci), the former three micromilli metres iu length, sometimes bearing a sporangium. Hopkins (Pacific Med. Jour., Apr., '90).
The tendency even now is to attribute too large a share to cold in the causa tion of nephritis. Taking the infective diseases alone, the alterations brought about by the micro-organisms in the renal tissue may pass without leaving any trace, but they may also become chronic, causing changes in the epithe lial elements and interstitial prolifera tion. M. Vignerot (Arch. Gen. de 316d., Oct., '01).
Bright's disease, an infectious disorder in which the micro-organisms act upon the kidneys. (1) Hyperacute infectious Bright's disease; (2) acute infectious Bright's disease; and (3) attenuated in fectious Bright's disease. Fiessinger (La Sem. Med., May 12, '94).
Case of primary acute liniorrhagic nephritis, in a man 42 years of age, co existent with the presence in the urine of large quantities of the staphylococcus pyogenes albus. Baduel (Riforma Med., Aug. 7, '94).
Seventy cases showing causal relation ship between ulceration of the duodenum and interstitial or tuhal nephritis, or both combined. Perry and Shaw (Prac titioner, Dec., '94).
Case in which nephritis was due to infection through skin wound. Sacaze (Revue de Med., Feb., '95).
Case in which ulcer appeared as first symptom in case following a rapid course, showing at autopsy degeneration of convoluted tubules with slight ar teritis. Etienne (Le Bull. Med., July 14, '95).
When toxic substance reaches kidney through nutritive artery it exerts an elective action upon the epithelial cells of convoluted tubules, with lesions of protoplasm, steatosis, and coagulation necrosis. Vandervelde (Jour. de Med., de Chir., et de Pharm., vol. iv, No. 2, 95).
Case showing that absorption of ali mentary ptomaines which kidneys can not eliminate may give rise to lethal poisoning. Dieulafoy (Annual, '96).
Three cases of hzemorrhagic nephritis caused by infection of the blood with bacteria which otherwise did not pro duce evident symptoms. In the first case a general infection of the blood, the liver, the kidneys, and the spleen with streptococci was found at the autopsy; the disease had continued for eight months and presented, as its only symp tom, hsemorrhagic nephritis; there was no fever except during the last two weeks of life. In the second case symp toms of endocarditis and of beemorrhagic nephritis were combined; the blood con tained intra vitam staphylococcus albus, and the same bacterium was found on the growths on the mitral valve. In the third case the examination of the urine revealed the presence of staphylococcus albus in great quantity. The author in sists on the fact that a general infection of the organism with bacteria of differ ent species may reveal itself only by the presence of hremorrhagic nephritis, and he believes that the haemorrhages which occasionally occur during the course of an ordinary nephritis may be caused by a temporary invasion of bacteria in the blood. Hoist (Norsk Mag. f. Laege vidensk., p. S25, '99). Report of Corr. Ed. F. LEVISON.
3. Chemical toxic agents include tur pentine, cantharides, carbolic and sali cylic acids, potassium chlorate, iodoform, the mineral acids, and inorganic poisons, such as phosphorus, arsenic, mercury, and lead. Acute renal inflammation may be caused by the excessive ingestion of highly-acid, spiced, or adulterated foods (as from salicylic acid and lead chromate).
Large number of substances—canthar ides, styrax, balsam of Peru, cubeb, tur pentine, mustard- and eroton- oils, naph thol, carbolic and oxalic acids, phos phorus, etc.—which act upon the kidney as poisons by causing acute diffuse nephritis. Lenzmann (Deutsche med. Zeit., Aug. 6, '94).
Two cases of acute nephritis, in chil dren 8 and 6 years of age, after the use of betanaphthol ointment for the pur pose of curing the itch. The youngest child died. Baatz (Centralb. f. kiln. Med., Sept. 15, '94).