KIDNEYS, DISEASES OF. See URINARY SYSTEM.
KINO.—Kino is the inspissated juice of Plerocarpus marsupium, a leguminous tree of the East Indies and Malabar. It is obtained from incisions into the trunk, and is dried without artificial heat. It occurs in fragments of a ruby-red color, without odor, and of a sweetish, astrin gent taste. It is soluble in alcohol, ether, boiling water, and alkalies, but only slightly soluble in cold water. Its most important constituent is kinotannic acid. It also contains kinoin, a crystal line neutral substance; pyrocatechin, pectin, etc. Kino is an ingredient of the pulvis kino compositus (B. P.) and also of the pulvis catechu compositus (B. P.).
Preparations and Doses.—Kino, 5 to 30 grains.
Tinctura kino, 1/2 to 2 fluidrachms.
Physiological Action. — The physio logical action of kino may be said to be that of its main constituents, kinotannic and gallic acids, especially the former. It is an astringent and styptic, pre serving its activity in these particulars throughout the entire length of the in testinal tract. Its value in arresting intestinal hwmorrhage is thus accounted for.
Therapentics.—Kino is a mild astrin gent. It is useful in serous diarrhcea, for which purpose it is generally com bined with paregoric and chalk mixture, or exhibited in the form of compound powder of kino (B. P.), which consists of kino, 15 grains; powdered cinnamon, 4 grains; opium, 1 grain. Five to 20 grains are given as a dose. Kino is a serviceable remedy in pyrosis.
Locally and internally kino possesses some value as an Imemostatic in passive Inemorrhage from the intestines and other viscera. The tincture may be used as an astringent gargle in pharyngitis or for relaxation of the uvula. It is often an ingredient of injections in gon orrhcea and leucorrhcea. The powder may be applied as stimulating astringent dressing to chronic ulcers. In relaxed
conditions of the mouth and throat and in epistaxis the tincture may be used with benefit.
KRAMERIA.—Krameria, or rhatany, is the root of Kram,eria triandra and of Krameria ixina (polygalw), small shrubs growing in South America, especially in Peru and Bolivia. The bark of the root is strongly astringent in taste and almost without odor. The woody part is devoid of taste and odor and is relatively in active. The smaller roots are therefore preferred. Krameria contains about 20 per cent. of krameria-tannic acid (the active ingredient), gum, starch, sugar, lignin, and a peculiar acid called kra meric acid. An alkaloid, rathanine, has also been isolated. Krameria is an in gredient of pulvis catechu compositus (B. P.).
Preparations and Doses.—Krameria, 5 to 30 grains.
Extractum krameri, 5 to 20 grains. Extractum kramerim fluidum, '/, to 1 fluidrachm.
Syrupus kranaeria4, 2 to 6 fluidrachms. Tinctura kramerim, 1/2 to 2 flui drachms.
Trochisci kramerioe, 1 to 2 troches.
Physiological Action.—The krameria tannic acid gives to krameria physio logical properties very similar to those of tannic acid. It seems, however, to con centrate its effects upon the mucous membranes; hence its beneficial influ ence in all conditions characterized by relaxation of the latter: leucorrhcea, ca tarrhal disorders of the nose, pharynx, intestines, etc.
Therapeutics.—The value of krameria depend: upon the tannic acid which it (.-nta,ti,. It is used largely 3S remedy f r tow el di..orders. in chronic or serous di.irrho in dysentery. and in passive halm rrlunze from the intestines and etlit r i-cera. lencorrliwa and gonor