1 Peculiar greenish discoloiation of the cornea following ti aumatism, thought to be related to corneal lueinorrhage and attributed to the presence of luematic pigment. Regarded as one of the acci dents partly dependent upon hoemorrhage into the anterior chamber and neigh boring tissues, especially into the corneo sclera] junction in front of Desceinet's membrane and around the canal of Schlemm. Vossius (Archiv f. Oplith. [GriHe], vol. xxxv, No. 2, '89).
Study of two cases of staining of the cornea by blood-pigment. In the first case the central part of the cornea was stained a brownish color, leaving a nar row, clear, and colorless rim at the pe riphery. Intra-ocular tension equaled —1, and there was no light-perception. After enucleation the discoloration of the cornea was seen to extend throughout the whole thickness. The anterior chamber was filled with blood-clots, the lens was opaque and calcareous, and the vitreous was shrunk. There was com plete detachment of the retina, and pro jecting from its outer surface were two transparent cysts. Examination with the microscope showed that, dissemi nated throughout the discolored portion of the cornea, there were numerous small, refracting. granules, mostly of an oval or circular form. In the second case in the centre of each cornea there was an irregular-shaped patch of a rusty brown color, surrounded by a zone of bright red. There ean be no doubt but that the pigment was derived from the blood, having found that in all the cases reported there was blood in the anterior chamber. 'Preacher Collins (Transac. Oplith. Soc. of United Kingdom, vol. ii, '91).
Opacities connected with anterior syn echia remain dense throughout life. Vas cular opacities connected with granular or phlyctenular conjunctivitis are capa ble of great improvement after the cure of the conjunctival diseases that cause them. Those due to granular conjunc tivitis, or trachoma, commonly involve the upper half of the cornea, the part in contact with the roughened upper lid, and sometimes encroach slightly on the lower lid. Those due to phlyctenular keratitis take the form of a fasciculus of vessels running out from one or more parts of the corneal margin.
Anterior, or corneal, slaphyloma is the bulging opacity which follows perfora tion of the cornea, either by traumatism or by ulcerative inflammation, leading to prolapse of the iris and union of the iris and new-formed tissue in the corneal scar. It does not necessarily ensue in
all cases of prolapse of the iris into a corneal opening. After cataract extrac tion very extensive prolapse of the iris may occur, and yet, without any active treatment, the prolapse will in time entirely flatten down, leaving a slight opacity with adhesion of the iris at the side of the corneal incision. The same favorable termination is also seen in cases of traumatic perforation, other than operative; and sometimes in per foration due to small ulcers. The de termining factor as to the occurrence of staphyloma appears to be the general condition of the cornea, and possibly of the iris, that becomes adherent to it. If these are the seat of extensive inflam matory changes, there is strong proba bility of increasing bulging of the cica trix.
In young children the general adhe sion of the iris to the cornea is followed by bulging of the whole cornea and even great enlargement of the eyeball; in older persons staphylomata are likely to be more strictly localized, and, if the bulging is great, they rupture.
Fine opacities upon the membrane of Descernet can be seen in all cases of iritis. They are usually overlooked, be cause the required examination is not . made. The best method of exatnination is with the ophthalmoscope, a strong convex lens being used at the sight-hole. Such deposits appear early in iritis, frequently before synechim have been formed, and they disappear some time after the inflammation has subsided. Larger opacities are found in many cases. An irregular striated opacity of the cornea also attends certain cases of iritis, this opacity being situated in the proper corneal substance. H. Frieden wald (Archives of Ophthalmology, April, '96).
The binocular magnifying lens not only allows the surgeons to discriminate by accurate reco,guition of the depth of a corneal opacity, but by its binocular impression causes points to be appre ciated that would otherwise not attract the attention of the observer. E. Jack son (Trans. of Section on Ophthalmology, Amer. Med. Assoc., '97).