It is true that the Anophaes bite more frequently during twilight and at night, but the choice of clothing having a repellent color should afford a meas ure of protection against the insects which may bite during the day-time. In any case the number of insects congre gating dwellings might very well be lessened by the choice of colors of a suitable character applied to the walls. Some sort of trap might readily be de vised, lined with a suitable color, such as dark blue, within which the insects could congregate and easily be de stroyed in considerable numbers. G. II. F. Nuttall (Brit. Med. Jour., Sept. 14, 1901).
Epidemic of malaria that occurred in a region previously free from that dis ease along the North Sea. The author traced the epidemic to a body of Dutch laborers that were excavating aml building dikes. Some of these were in fected, and came froin an infected re gion, and the epidemic appeared in the region in which these workmen were at the time located; it developed after the appearance of warm weather and the arrival of mosquitoes. The disease fol lowed the infected persons from the original point to other regions round about, and the were found in considerable numbers in all the places in which malaria appeared. Martini (Deutsche med. Wochen., Oct. 30, 1902).
Series of experinaents upon the arti ficial transmission of malaria by the mosquito. Healthy- persons can be in fected by the sting of the Anopheles mosquito which has been allowed to suck blood containing crescents capable of further development, if the insects be kept in a thermostat under suitable con ditions. The sting of a single insect is sufficient to infect. Since all persons ex perimented upon acquired malaria, the question of an immunity could not be settled. The time between the inocula tion and the appearance of the first symptoms varied from seven to eleven days and the statement of certain authors that malaria can bc acquired in so short a period as half an hour is dis credited. In no case did the disease be gin with a dednite chill, but the fever, at first slight, gradually increased in in tensity, which seems to show that a con stant multiplication of the parasites is going on in the blood and that a large number is necessary for a chill. The variations in the period of incubation did not necessarily stand in relation to the number of knoph-cles by which the individual was bitten, but other un known factors must bc drawn into con 1111:1lb:1(1011 :111,0 o. ? 1 1% ,y11111t 0111S Nt ere t ile 011ait 1011 Of tile Spleell !I I ant ill some it, \Vas ,t% It 1. 1, Ile r11',1 l'1:-0 Of telllpera
- Alt , 111 ot er- it could be felt only cr. 'I he pe of the ma i .11.1 art itb induced always re - ti 1 that of the patients from which 11 e ..- Mows were allowed to obtain ir -,cnts and the same parasites l' All\ .1 101111d. Tile peripheral - I at the be:.inning of the illness r ontained any crescents. S.
-- Wiener klin. Ilund., April 20, 1902).
'seric- of military experiments have 1 evil carried out. by the Japanese gov ernment on the Island of Formosa, the re,ults of which furnish a most con clu-ive demonstration of the relations between mosquitoes and malaria. A battalion of soldiers who were com pletely protected from mosquitoes for 161 days during the malarial season eseaped the disease entirely, whereas there were 259 cases of malaria in another battalion, in the same place and during the same len):th of time, which wa- not protected from mosquitoes. 'New York Med. Jour., March 29, 1902).
Tte most important question now to decide is as to whether the gnats which do not belong to the genus dimpheleN are or are not concerned in the propaga tion of malaria, and why certain in dividuals of one species of gnats are more dangerous than others. For in the researches of Stephens and hristophers demonstrate that the A noph ricR /,'os8ii may be almost exculpated as an agent of malaria. His own per sonal experience of three years' constant attention to the subject, in countries so different as water-logged Assam and Lagos, on the one hand. and arid Is mailia, on the other, has led him to be lieve that the best personal prophylaxis i- the ordinary mosquito-net during --deep. and to this he adds the prophy laetie administration of quinine when the danger is especially great. As mos quitoes seldom bite in the open air it seems an unnecessary policy to avoid them there, but Ite praises very highly the use of the punkah or the electric fan, with the wholesale re moval of breeding-places of all kinds of mosquitoes. .111ajor Donald Ross (Egyp tian Medical Congress; Medical Record, .Marcli 28, 1903).
Whatever views may be entertained regarding other channels of infection, thc following statement of Bignami well expresses the present status of the sub ject. "This much, at any rate, we can assert, namely: that inoculation is the only mechanism of infection which has been demonstrated experimentally." General Symptomatology.