Comb
Comb. The Name Of En Instrument Made Of A Thin Plate, Either Plane Or Curved Of Wood, Horn, Tortoise-shell, Ivory, Bone, Or Metal, Cut Out Upon` One Or Both Of Its Sides Or Edges, Into A Series Of Somewhat Long Teeth, Not Far Apart ; Which Is Employed For Disentangling, ...
Compass
Compass. A Name Given To Instru Ments Contrived To Indicate The Magnetic Meridian, Or The Position Of Objects With Respect To That Meridian. According To The Purposes To Which The Instrument Is Chiefly Applied, It Becomes The Mariner's Compass, The Azimuth Compass, The Varia Tion Compass, Each Particular Application Requiring ...
Copper
Copper. This Metal Was Known At A Very Remote Period ; And In The Early Ages Of The World, Before Iron Was In Use, Copper Was The Chief Ingredient In Do Mestic Utensils And Instruments Of War. It Is An Abundant Metal, And Is Found Native, And In Many Ores ...
Cotton
Cotton. The Soft Vegetable Down In The Seed Vessels Of The Cotton Plant (gossypium Herlmesum), Cultivated In This Country, South America, The East And West Indies, And Egypt. It Is An Annual Plant, Which Forms Its Seed In Pods, Which Are Triangular, And Have Each Three Cells ; In These ...
Cotton Manufacture
Cotton Manufacture Embraces ' So Many Operations, Each Of Which Is Per Formed In Various Ways, And By Mechan Ism Variously Termed, That It Requires A Volume Of Ordinary Size To Give A Full De Setiption Of It. It Is Impossible, In The Limits Here Assigned, To Give More Than ...
Cream
Cream. A Semifluid Yellowish Sub Stance Which Collects On The Surface Of Milk, And Which Is Made Into Butter By The Process Of Churning. When The Milk Of Any Animal Is Allowed To Stand For Some Time, It Spontaneously Undergoes Certain Changes ; This Substance Rises To The Sur Face ...
Croton Aqueduct
Croton Aqueduct. This Beauti Ful Structure Has Been Built After The Plan Of The Roman Buildings—that Is, In Chan Nels Of Masonry, Rather Than In Metal Pipes. The Following Account Is Abridged From Tower's Work On The Croton Aque Duct : Dr. Brown, In 1798, First Called Attention To The ...
Crucibles
Crucibles Are Small Conical Vessels, Narrower At The Bottom Than The Mouth, For Reducing Ores In Docimacy By The Dry Analysis, For Fusing Mixtures Of Earthy And Other Substances, For Melting Metals, And Compounding Metallic Alloys. They Ought To Be Refractory In The Strongest Heats, Not Readily Acted Upon By ...
Crystallization Of Gold
Crystallization Of Gold. A Small Glass-stoppered Vial, Containing A Solu Tion Of Gold In A Mixture Of Nitric And Muriatic Acids, Had Stood Neglected For A Considerable Time (perhaps Four Or Five Years) In A Cupboard. Upon Accidentally Examining It, It Was Found A Portion Of The Acid Had Escaped, ...
Curry Powder
Curry Powder. (see Turmeric.) Cutlery, In The General Sense, Corn Prises All Edged Tools ; But It Is Now More Particularly Confined To The Manufacture Of Knives And Forks, Scissors, Pen-knives, Razors, And Swords. Those Articles Which Do Not Require A Fine Polish, Are Made From Blistered Steel ; While ...
Currying
Currying Is The Art Of Dressing Cow-hides, Calf-skins, Seal-skins, &e., Principally For Shoes : And This Is Done Either Upon The Flesh Or The Grain. In Dressing Leather For Shoes Upon The Flesh, The First Operation Is To Soak The Leather In Water Until It Is Quite Wetted, Then The ...
Daguerreotype
Daguerreotype. The Art Of Im Pressing Distinct And Permanent Images On Polished Metallic Surfaces. It Received Its Name From M. Daguerre, Who Disco Vered The Mode In 1839, And From Whom The French Government Bought The Right To The Discovery By Giving Him An Annu Ity Of 10,000 Francs. Compared ...
Damascus Blades
Damascus Blades, Are Swords Or Eimeters, Presenting Upon The Surface A Variegated Appearance Of Watering, As White, Silvery, Or Black Veins, In Fine Dines, Or Fillets ; Fibrous, Crossed, Inter Laced, Or &c. They Are Brought From The E. T, Being Fabricated Chiefly At Damascus, Whence Their Name. Their Excellent ...
Depilatory
Depilatory, Is The Name Of Any Substance Capable Of Removing Hairs From The Human Skin Without Injuring Its Tex Ture. They Act Either Mechanically Or Chemically. The First Are Commonly Glu Tinous Plasters Formed Of Pitch And Resin, Which Stick So Closely To The Part Of The Skin Where They ...
Dials
Dials Are Instruments Known To And Constructed By The Ancients, For The Mea Surement Of Time. In Constructing A Sun-dial, The Object Is To Find, By Means Of His Shadow, The Sun's Distance At Any Time From The Meri Dian. When This Distance Is Known, The Hour Is Also Known, ...
Diamond Microscopes
Diamond Microscopes Were First Suggested By Dr. Goring, And Have Been Well Executed By Mr. Pritchard. Previ Ous To Grinding A Diamond Into A Spheri Cal Figure, It Should Be Ground Flat And Parallel Upon Both Sides, That By Looking Through It, As Opticians Try Flint Glass, We May See ...
Diamond A
Diamond. (a Corruption Of Ada Mant). The Most Valuable Of The Pre Cious Stones. Diamonds Were Originally Discovered In Bengal, And In The Island Of Borneo. About The Year 1720 They Were Found In Brazil. One Lately Found At Bahia Was Worth $225,000, Though Sold By The Negro Finder For ...
Diastase
Diastase. A Peculiar Substance Generated During The Germination Of Bar Ley, Wheat, &c., Which Tends To Accelerate The Formation Of Sugar During The Fer Mentation Of Worth. It Is Precipitated From Infusions Of Bruised Malt By Alcohol. It Is The Principle Which, By Its Reaction On Starch, Tends To Develop ...
Dies
Dies, In Mechanical Manipulation, Are Tools By Which The Threads Of Screws Are Cut. They Consist Of Pieces Of Steel Held In A Suitable Socket Or Stock, And So Formed That Their Inner Sides Form Parts Of A Hollow Cylinder, In Which Is Cut A Female Or Hollow Screw, Which ...
Differential Thermometer
Differential Thermometer. An Ingenious Instrument Of Great Use In Experimental Philosophy, For Measuring Very Small Differences Of Temperature ; Invented And Re-applied By Sir John Leslie, Though The Idea Of An Instrument Of The Same Kind Seems To Have Long Fore Been Suggested By Sturmins. The Differential Thermometer Is Described ...
Digester
Digester Is The Name Of A Strong Kettle Or Pot Of Small Dimensions, Made Very Strong, And Mounted With A Safety Valve In Its Top. Papin, The Contriver Of This Apparatus, Used It For Subjecting Bones, Cartilages, &c., To The Solvent Ac Tion Of High-pressure Steam, Or Highly Heated Wafer, ...
Dipping Needle
Dipping Needle. An Instrument For Showing The Direction Of The Magnetic Force Of The Earth. It Is A Magnetic Nee Dle, Furnished With An Axis At Right Angles To Its Length, And Passing As Exactly As Possible Through Its Centre Of Gravity, About Which It Moves In A Vertical Plane. ...
Distillation
Distillation. The Evaporati And Subsequent Condensation Of Liquids By Means Of A Still And Refrigeratory, Or Of A Retort And Receiver. The Discovery Of The Art Of Distillation Is Generally Ascribed To The Alchemists ; But It Was Doubtlessly Known In More Re Mote Ages To The Arabians, And By ...
Diving
Diving. The Art Of Descending In Water. Independently Of The Valuable Native Productions Which Are Found At The Bottom Of The Sea, Such As Pearls, Coral, Sponges, &e., The Treasure Which Is So Frequently Carried Down In Wrecked Vessels Makes It An Object Of Importance To Be Able To Descend ...
Diving Bell
Diving Bell. An Apparatus By Means Of Which Persons Are Let Down And Enabled To Remain Under Water, And Execute Various Operations ; Such As Le Velling Or Clearing The Bottoms Of Har Bors, Preparing A Foundation For Build Ings, Bringing Up Sunken Materials, &c. The Principle Of The Diving ...
Divisibility
Divisibility. The Property Which All Bodies Possess Of Being Separable Into Parts. It Was A Question Formerly Much Agitated Among Philosophers, Whether Matter Is Divisible In Infinitum ; Or Whether A Certain Term Does Not Exist Beyond Which The Particles Are Reduced To Simple Atoms Incapable Of Further Di Vision. ...
Draining
Draining. The Art Of Freeing The Surface Of The Soil From Superfluous Wa Ter, Considered With Reference To Culti Vated Vegetables, And The Health Of Man And Animals. Water May Become Super Fluous By Being Collected In The Natural Hollows On The Surface, And Thus Form Ing Bogs ; By ...
Dry Rot
Dry Rot. A Disease Which Attacks Wood, Rendering It Brittle, And Destroy Ing The Cohesion Of Its Parts, Is Known By This Name. It Occurs Among The Tim Bers Of Ships, Where It Sometimes Com Mits The Most Serious Damage,' Ind In Damp Ill-ventilated Houses. It Is Usually Ascribed To ...
Ductility
Ductility. A Property Of Certain Bodies, In Consequence Of Which They Can Be Drawn Out At Length Without Suf Fering Any Interruption Of The Continuity Of Their Constituent Particles. The Term Ductility Is Frequently Confounded With Malleability, Or That Property Of Bodies Through Which Different Forms Can Be Given To ...
Dunging
Du.nging. One Of The Processes Of Dyeing And Calico Printing. The Steeping The Goods In A Bath Of Eowdung. Experience Has Proved That Clanging Is One Of The Most Important Steps In The Process Of Calico Printing, And That If It Be Not Well Performed The Dyeing Is Good For ...
Dyeing
Dyeing. The Object Of This Beauti Ful Art Is To Fix Certain Coloring Matters Uniformly And Permanently In The Fibres Of Wool, Silk, Linen, Cotton, And Other Substances. The Moderns Have Obtained From This Continent Several Dye-drugs Unknown To The Ancients ; Such As Cochi Neal, Quercitron, Brazil Wood, Logwood, ...
Dynamometer
Dynamometer. An Instrument For Measuring Power Of Any Kind, As The Strength Of Men And Animals, The Force Of Machinery, The Magnifying Power Of A Te Lescope, &c. An Instrument For Measur Ing Animal Force Was Invented By Mr. Graham Many Years Ago, And Afterwards Improved By Desaguliers ; But ...
Eau De Cologne
Eau De Cologne. This Prepara Tion Has Long Possessed Great Celebrity, In Consequence Chiefly Of The Numerous Virtues Ascribed To It By Its Venders ; And Is Resorted To By Many Votaries Of Fashion As A Panacea Against Ailments Of Every Kind. It Is However Nothing More Than Aromatized Alcohol, ...
Ebullition
Ebullition. When The Bottom Of An Open Vessel Containing Water Is Ex Posed To Heat, The Lowest Stratum Of Find Immediately Expands, Beeom, Therefore Specifically 'lighter, And Is Forced Upwards By The Superior Gravity Of The Superin Cumbent Colder And Heavier Particles. The Heat Is In This Way Diffused Through ...
Ed Ware
Ed Ware.) The Point Destined For The Nib Is Next Introduced Into An Appropriate Gauged Hole Of A Little Machine, And Press Edinto The Semi-cylindrical Shape; Where It Is Also Pierced With The Middle Slit, And The Lateral Ones, Provided The Latter Are To Be Given. The Pens Are Now ...
Edge Tools
Edge-tools. (see Cutlery And Steel.) Egg. The Ovum Of Birds And Other Oviparous Animals. The Changes Which The Hen's Egg Undergoes During Incubation Have Been By Sir E. Home In The Philosophical Transactions For The Year 1822, Page 339, And Illustrated By A Beautiful Series Of Plates After Bauer's Drawings ...
Elastic Bands
Elastic Bands.) The India-rubber Manufacture Is One Of The Most Important Branches Of Art, Rivalling That Of Some Of The Older Textile Fabrics. In This Country It Has Made Pro Digious Strides Within A Few Years. The India-rubber Shoes Are Made By Women On The Amazon, By Dipping The Lasts, ...
Elastic Bands_2
Elastic Bands. The Manufacture Of Braces And Garters, With Threads Of Eaoutchouc, Either Naked Or Covered, Seems To Have Originated, Some Time Ago, In Vienna, Whence It Was A Few Years Since Imported Into Paris, And Thence Into This Country. At First The Pear Shaped Bottle Of Indian Rubber Was ...
Elasticity
Elasticity. In Physics, That Prop Erty Which Certain Bodies Possess Of Re Covering Their Primitive Form And Dimen Sions After The External Force By Which They Have Been Dilated Or Compressed Or Bent Is Withdraws. The Theory Of Elasticity Must Be Deduct Ed From Some Hypothesis Respecting The Constitution Of ...
Electric Telegrams
Telegrams, Electric. It Is Mainly Owing To The Labors Of S. F. B. Morse, In The United States, And Cook And Wheatston In England, That Electrical Telegraphs Owe Their Practical Application. In Cook And Wheatston's First Ap Paratus, Five Needles Were Arranged, With Their Axis In A Horizontal Line, The ...
Electro Magnetism
Electro-magnetism. When A Current Of Electricity Is Traversing Any Substance, Or When Electricity Is In Motion Magnetism Is At The Same Time Developed. This Fact Was First Observed By Professor Oersted, Of Copenhagen, And Has Be Come The Source Of An Important Series Of Discoveries Included Under The Above Term. ...
Electro Magnetism Motive Power
Electro-magnetism. (motive Power Of.) Numerous Attempts Have Been Made To Apply Electromagnetism As A Power For Moving Machines, And Parti Cularly By The Apparatus Employed By Jacobi, Dal Negro, M'gauley, Wheat Stone, And The Machines Recently Con Structed By Mr. Itiorth. However, Not Withstanding The Talent Which Has Been Devoted ...
Electro Metallurgy
Electro Metallurgy. By This Elegant Art The Most Exact Copies Of Any Natural Or Artificial Object Can Be Obtained, Or The Surface Of Any Body Non-metallic Or Metal May Become Coated With A Thin Layer Or Film Of Copper, Gold, And Silver, Or A Few Other Metals. The Practionl De ...
Embankment
Embankment. In Territorial Im Provement, An Embankment Is A Mound Of Earth Or A Wall, Or A Structure Coin Poaed Of A Wall Or Partly Of A Bank Of Earth, To Protect Lands From Being Overflown By Rivers Or The Sea. Em Bankments Appear To Have Been Coeval With The ...
Embroidering Machine
Embroidering Machine. This Art Has Been Till Of Late Merely A Handi Craft Employment, Cultivated On Account Of Its Elegance By Ladies Of Rank. But A Few Years Ago M. Hellmann Of Mulhause Invented A Machine Of A Most Ingenious Kind, Which Enables A Female To Em Broider Any Design ...
Embroidery
Embroidery. The Name Given To The Art Of Working Figures On Stuffs Or Muslins With A Needle And Thread. All Embroidery May Be Divided Into Two Sorts, Embroidery On Atufa And On Mus Lin: The Former Is Used 'chiefly In Church Vestments, Housings, Standards, Articles Of Furniture, &e., And Is ...
Enamels
Enamels Are Varieties Of Glass, Gene Rally Opaque And Colored, Always Formed By The Combination Of Different Metallic Oxides, To Which Certain Fixed Fusible Salts Are Added, Such As The Borates, Fluates, And Phosphates. The Simplest Enamel, And The One Which Serves As A Basis To Most Of The Others, ...
Equalizer
Equalizer. An Apparatus For Equal Izing The Propelling Power Of Steam En Gines And Other Prime Movers. Various Contrivances Have Been Employed For This Purpose, More Especially With Engines Working Steam Expansively, Where A Fluc Tuation In The Pressure Of The Impelling Medium Affects The Uniformity Of The Motion Of ...
Equatorial
Equatorial. An Astronomical Strument, Contrived For The Purpose Of Directing A Telescope .upon Any Celestial Object Of Which The Right Ascension And Declination Are Known, And Of Keeping The Object In View For Any Length Of Time, Notwithstanding The Diurnal Motion. For These Purposes, A Principal Axis C D, Resting ...
Esculent Nests
Nests, Esculent. A Species Of Nests Built By Swallows Peculiar To The Indian Islands, And Very Much Esteemed In China And Other Parts Of The World. These Nests Resemble In Form Those Of Other Swallows ; They Are Formed Of A Viscid Substance, And In External Appear Ance, As Well ...
Etching Varnishes
Etching Varnishes. The Var Nishes Of Mr. Lawrence, An English Art Ist Resident In Paris, Is Made As Follows : Take Of Virgin Wax And Asphaltum, Each Two Ounces, Of Black Pitch And Burgundy Pitch Each Half An Ounce. Melt The Wax And Pitch In A New Earthenware Glazed Pot, ...
Ether
Ether. In Chemistry, This Term Is Applied To A Highly Volatile, Fragrant, In Flammable, And Intoxicating Liquid, Pro Duced By Distilling A Mixture Of Equal Weights Of Sulphuric Acid And Alcohol. When These Liquids Mutually Act On Each Other, A Series Of Complicated Changes Ensue, Which Terminate In The Conversion ...
European
European Cheeses.—the Most Remark Able Of These Are The Following : Parmesan Is Chiefly Made At Parma And Other Places In Lombardy, Of The Curd Of Skimmed Milk Hardened By Heat. Its Flavor Is Said To Be Owing To The Rich Pastures Of. That Part Of Italy, Where All Plants, ...
Evaporation
Evaporation. The Conversion Of Substances Into Vapour Is One Of The Most Important And General Effects Of Heat. During This Process, A Considerable Quan Tity Of Sensible Heat Passes Into The Latent Or Insensible State. When A Vessel Of Water Is Placed Upon The Fire, Its Temper Ature Gradually Rises ...
Expansion
Expansion. One Of The Most Com Mon And Obvious Effects Of Heat, Which Expands Or Enlarges The Bulk Of All The Forms Of Matter. The Expansion Of Sol Ids Byinerease Of Temperature Is Compar Atively Small ; But It May Be Rendered Sensible By Carefully Measuring The Di Mensions Of ...
Extracts
Extracts. The Older Apothecaries Used This Term To Designate The Product Of The Evaporation Of Any Vegetable Juice, Infusion, Or Decoction ; Whether The Latter Two Were Made With Water, Alcohol, Or Ether ; Whence Arose The Distinction Of Aqueous, Alcoholic, And Ethereous Extracts. Made Many Researches Upon These Preparations, ...
Fallow
Fallow. Inagriculture, Lands Are Said To Be Under Fallow When They Are Without A Regular Crop Of Corn Or Pulse. A Naked Fallow Is One In Which The Soil Remains A Whole Year Without Any Crop Whatever ; And A Turnip Or Green Crop Fallow Is One In Which The ...
Fats
Fats Occur In A Great Number Of The Animal Tissues,being Abundant Under The Skin In What Is Called The Celhilar Mem Brane, Round The Kidneys, In The Folds Of The Omentum, At The Base Of The Heart, In The Mediastinum, The Mesenteric Web, As Well As Upon The Surface Of ...
Feathers Purification Of
Feathers. (purification Of.) The Following Is An Outline Of Heal's Pro Cess : " The Feathers Are First Placed In What Is Termed A Steam-cistern, A Chamber Of Iron, Having Its Floor Formed Of Perforat Ed Metal, Through Which A Current Of Steam Is Made To Enter With Considerable Force, ...
Felspar
Felspar. An Important Mineral Composed Of Silica, Alumina, And Potash, With Traces Of Lime, And Often Of Oxide Of Iron. Common Felspar Is Of Various Shades Of White And Red; It Forms An In Gredient In Granite, And Is The Base Of Some Other Rocks. It Is Often Crystalized, And ...
Fermentation
Fermentation. When Certain Vegetable Substances Are Dissolved In Water, And Subjected To A Due Tempera Ture (between 65° And 85°), They Undergo A Series Of Changes Which Terminate In The Production Of Alcohol Or Spirit ; These Changes Constitute The Phenomena Of Vinous Fermentation. Sugar And Some Ferment Are Essential ...
Filligree Work
Filligree Work. This Work Is A Kind Of Enrichment On Gold Or Silver, Wrought Delicately In The Manner Of Little Threads Or Grains, Or Both Intermixed. In This Kind Of Work, Fine Gold And Silver Wire Are Often Curled In A Serpentine Form And Braided Through Each Other, Or Form ...
Filtration
Filtration Is A Process Purely Me Chanical, For Separating A Liquid From The Undissolved Particles Floating In It, Which Liquid May Be Either The Useful Part, As In Vegetable Infusions, Or Of No Use, As The Washings Of Mineral Precipitates. The Filtering Substance May Consist Of Any Porous Matter In ...
Fin Manufacture
Fin Manufacture. A Pin Is A Small Bit Of Wire, Commonly Brass, With A Point At One End, And A Spherical Head At The Other. In Making This Little Arti Cle, There Are No Less Than Fourteen Dis Tinct Operations:—l. Straightening The Wire. The Wire, As Obtained From The Drawing ...
Fire Engine
Fire Engine. This Most Useful Machine Is Constructed In A Variety Of Forms, Which All, However, Agree In Ono Principle. It Generally Consists Of A Dou Ble Forcing Pump Communicating With The Same Air Vessel ; And Instead Of A Force-pipe A Flexible Leathern Hose Is Used, Through Which The ...
Fire Escape
Fire Escape. Any Machine Or Ap Paratus For The Purpose Of Enabling Per Sons To Escape From The Upper Stories Of Houses On Fire. The Contrivances Which Have Been Proposed For Accomplishing This Desirable Object Are Very Numerous, And Are Of Two Kinds ; The First Kind Com Prising Those ...
Firearms
Firearms. (see Gun, 230.) A New Has Been Invented By Mr. M. Cass, Of Tica, N. Y. This Gun Is Loaded At The Breech With Ball Cartridge, Bers For Twenty-six Charges. It Is Also Capped At The Same Time That It Is Charg ,,ed. These Twenty-six Charges Can Be "fired ...
Fireworks Pyrotechny
Pyrotechny, Fireworks. The Composition Of Luminous Devices With Explosive Combustibles, Is A Modern Art, Resulting From The Discovery Of Gunpow Der. The Three Prime Materials Of This Art Are, Nitre, Sulphur, And Charcoal, Along With Filings Of Iron, Steel, Copper, Zinc, And Resin, Camphor, Lycopodium, &c. Gunpowder Is Used Either ...
Fixed Oils
Fixed Oils. There Are Two Speci Mens Of Oil In Vegetables, Agreeing Iu The Common Properties Of Unctuosity And In Flammability, But Essentially Different In Many Of Their Chemical Qualities. The One Capable Of Being Volatilized Without Decomposition, Is Named Volatile Oil, The Other Is Fixed Oil. The Latter Is ...
Flame
Flame, Is The Combustion Of An Ex Plosive Mixture Of An Inflammable Gas Or Vapor With Air. That It Is Not, As Many Suppose, Combustion Merely At The Ex Terior Surface, Is Proved By Plunging A Fragment Of Burning Phosinorus Or Sul Phur Into The Centre Of A Large Flame ...
Flax
Flax. An Annual Plant, The Linum Witatissimuns, Grown Extensively, From Remote Antiquity, Over Europe, Asia, And Northern Africa. It Is Believed To Be Indigenous To Persia. It Rises Between Two And Three Feet High, And Is Chiefly Grown Either For The Seeds, Which Lie In Capsules Of Ten Cells, Each ...
Flowers Artificial
Flowers (artificial). The Art Of Representing By Flowers, Leaves, Plants, &c., Vegetable Nature In Her Ornamental Productions, Constitutes The Business Of The Artificial Florist. The Italians Appear To Have Been The First People In Europe Who Excelled In The Art Of Making Artifi Cial Flowers ; But Of Late Years ...
Fluidity
Fluidity Is That State Of A Substance In Which Its Constituent Particles Are So Slightly Cohesive That They Yield To The ' Smallest Impressions. The Term Is Usual Ly Confined To Express The Condition Of The Nonelastic Fluids ; And Hence It De Notes One Of The Three States In ...
Food
Food. All Substances Susceptible Of Dioestion And Assimilation May Come Under The Denomination Of, Ood ; But The Proximate Principles Of Organic Bodies On Which Their Nutritive Powers Depend Are Comparatively Few. Hence, Although, The Articles Employed In Different Countries For The Support Of Animal Life Are Almost Infinitely Various, ...
Force
Force, In Mechanics, Denotes That Combination Of' Matter And Motion Which Produces A Change In The State Or Position Of A Body. According To This Definition, The Muscular Power Of Animals, As Like Wise Pressure, Impact, Gravity, &c., Are Considered As Effects Of Motion In Other Bodies ; It Being ...
Fountain
Fountain. By This Term Is Desig Nated Any Natural Or Artificial Apparatus By Means Of Which Water Springs Up. In Natural Fountains The Aseensional Effort Is Produced By The Hydrostatic Pressure Of The Water Itself; In Artificial Fountains It Is Produced Either By The Same Pres Sure, Or By That ...
Fountain Of Hero
Fountain Of Hero. An Ingeni Ous Hydraulic Machine, Ascribed To Hero Of Alexandria, Who Lived 150 Years B. C. Its Principle Depends On The Transmis Sion Of The Pressure Sustained By A Body Of Water In One Vessel To That In Another By Means Of The Elasticity Of Air. The ...
French Polish
French Polish. This Is An Alco Holic Solution Of Shellac, Some Of The Softer Resinous Gums Are Usually Added, But Too Much Of Them Renders The Polish Less Durable. Highly Rectified Spirit, Not Less Than 60 Over Proof, Should Be Used. Rectified Wood Naptha Is Sometimes Sub Stituted, To Which ...
Friction
Friction. In Mechanics, The Resist Ance Produced By The Rubbing Of The Sur Faces Of Two Solid Bodies Against Each Other. If The Surfaces Of Bodies Were Perfectly Smooth And Polished, They Would Slide Along One Another Without Suffering Any Resistance From Their Con Tact, And All The Simple Relations ...