White Polishing Varnish. In a quart of alcohol mix 8 oz. of juniper gum, 2 oz. of mastic in tears, I oz. of gum elemi, and 4 oz. of Strasburgh turpentine, For metal, with paimice-powder. In this dissolve 1 oz. of copal, in fine powder, and filter. In one pint of alcohol dissolve 1 oz. of gain eletni : mix the two liquids. Or, (for Pictures.) In one pint of alcohol dissolve I oz. of camphor, which mix with 4 oz. of coarse powder of eopal, and, by heat, form the mixture, till whatever bubbles arise may easily be counted. Cool, decant, and add more alcohol to be similarly treated, till there is no residuum. Or (for Metals, Chairs, eke.) Mix well 4 oz. of powder of glass, (or potter's flint,) 21 OZ. of Strasbnrgh turpentine, 3 oz. of gum mastic, 6 oz. of gum sandarac, and 8 oz. of copal, melted and dropped into water. Add the whole to 1 quart of al cohol.
Copal Varnish (Sheldrake's). Take of copal, broken into small pieces, 2 oz., spirit of ammonia 2 oz., or camphor 2 drs., rectified oil of turpentine 1 pint. Stop the vessel, with a cork cut in grooves, to admit a portion of the heat ed vapors to escape; bring it to boil over a brisk fire, so that the bubbles may be Counted as they rise ; keep the mixture at the same heat ; for, if irregu larity, or overheating. takes 13lace, it is useless to proceed. When the solution is complete, let the vessel be quite cool before it is opened. The vessel is of tin, or other metal, strong, shaped like a wine bottle with a long neck, and capable of holding two quarts.
Copal varnish may be dissolved on pic tures, dm by a boiling solution of an eighth of ammonia, in oil of turpentine, but it requires very skilful management.
Japanmer's Copal Varnish. In a glass matrass melt and evaporate 4 lbs of co pal, and pour in 1 pint of boiling hot linseed-oil; remove the matraas, and, while hot, add equal weight of oil of tur pentine.
Gold Varnish, for Leather. In 2 pints of oil of turpentine mix of gam boge and turmeric each, 4 oz. each of seed lac and gum sandarac, 1 oz. of dragon's blood, 2 oz. of turpentine, and 4 oz. of pounded glass, (or potter's flint)--use the clear.
Varniele for Colored Drawings. Mix 1 oz. of Canada balsam and 2 oz. of oil of turpentine. Size firstwith isinglass, and dry before using the varnish.
Indian Varnish. In 1 quart of alcohol, by a gentle heat, dissolve 5 oz. of shell lac and of seed lac. Strain for use.
Hard Svirit Varnish. In 1 quart of
alcohol dissolve 8 oz. of seed lac and of yellow rosin.
Black Varnish. In 1 quart of alcohol dissolve 4 oz. of gum sandarac, and 2 oz. of yellow rosin ; then add one oz. of lamp black. Or, alcohol and black sealing wax, to color it.
To make Caoutchouc Varnish. Melt the eaoutchoue in a close vessel, at near. ly the temperature to melt lead, and stir it. Oil of turpentine should be added to it, which will render it easily applicable, and leaves the substance, when dry, a firm varnish, impermeable to mois ture. It is an excellent varnish, for pre. serving iron and steel from rust ; and it may be removed by a soft brush, dipped in oil of turpentine. A solution of clients chouc, in five times its weight of oil of turpentine, and this solution mixed with ight times its weight of drying linseed oil, by boiling, forms the varniai usually applied to air-balloons. Or, Digest 1 oz. of caoutchouc, cut into small pieces, in 82 oz. of naphtha ; and, when it is dissolv ed, strain the varnish through a linen cloth.
Oil of Tar, for Common Varnishes, may be employed instead of naphtha.
Varnish for Iron or Wood. Dissolve I pint of alcohol in a gallon of wood tar. Red Varnish, (for Cabinet-work and Violins.) In 1 quart of alcohol dissolve 2 oz. of Strasburgh turpentine, 1 oz. of mastic and of choice benjamin, 2 oz. of seed lac, and 4 oz. of gum sandarac. Or, (for Metals.) In 1 quart of alcohol dis solve 6 oz. of Venice turpentine, 4 oz. of brown rosin, 2 oz. of shell lac, and 8 oz. of gum sandarac.
Spirit Varnish, for Colors on Wood. In a matrass, capable of containing two Paris pints of liquid, put a pint, or about 2 lbs., of good spirit of wine, and throw in 4 oz. of shell lac, broken into small bits, together with 2 oz. of gum sanda rac, and 1 oz. of gum mastic in tears, grossly powdered ,• you also add 1 oz. of oil of spike, and place the vessel upon a ring of straw, laid upon the bottom of a boiler filled with water ; the whole must be then heated in a furnace over a char coal fire, and the contents be stirred from time to time, until the gums are entirely melted ,• but care is to be taken that the spirit of wine be not heated to its boil ing-point. This varnish, when cold, is fit to mix with lamp-black, vermilion, or other opaque colors; but, when it is to be used alone, to give a fine polish, it should be filtered, either through cotton or filtering paper.