Abdomen
Abdomen, Gunshot Wounds Of. Whilst The Treatment Of Gunshot Wounds Of The Abdomen Is Essentially Surgical, The Success Or Otherwise Of Operative Measures Often Depends More On The Early Management Of The Case Than On The Operation. In Considering The Treatment Of Such Wounds We Find The Main Causes Of ...
Abortion
Abortion. Threatened Abortion.- When A Woman In The First Few Months Of Her Pregnancy Begins To Lose Blood Or Liq. Amnii, She Should At Once Be Put To Bed. So As The Loss Is Moderate In Amount—i.e., Not Much Exceeding The Average Menstrual Llow—and So Long As There Are No ...
Abscess
Abscess. In The Great Majority Of Cases Of Acute And Chronic Abscess The Presence Of Pyogenic Organisms Is The Causal Factor, And All Treatment Must Be Directed By This Consideration. The Localised Inflammation Which Is So Liable To Eventuate In Suppuration May Under Certain Favour Able Conditions Resolve Itself Without ...
Acidity
Acidity, Gastric. This Is But A Sign Or Symptom Of Various Pathological Or Functional Conditions, And Much Confusion Exists Regarding Its Treatmenta Con Fusion Which Has Become Intensified By The Temptation Of Conveniently Labelling Every Form Of Functional Stomach Ailment As A Gastric Neurosis. In Many Instances The Regurgitation Of ...
Acidosis
Acidosis. As Pointed Out By J. 'thomson And Langmead, The Terms Acidosis, Acetonxmia, And Acid-intoxication Have Led To Much Confusion. The Mere Presence Of Acetone In The Blood Or Urine Is Only Of Significance Because Of The Nearly Constant Accompanying Presence Of Diacetic And 0-oxybutyric Acids Which Constitute The Real ...
Acne
Acne. Acne Vulgar/s Often, But Not Always, Arises From The Comedone Forma Tions (acne Punctata), Which Involve The Plugging By Retained Secretion Of The Sebaceous Glands On The Face And Upper Portions Of The Trunk. These So-called " Black Heads " Are Only Affected By Local Treatment; This Con Sists ...
Actinomycosis
Actinomycosis. On The Detection Of The Tumour With Its Characteristic Granules A Free Incision Should Be Made, And After The Evacuation Of The Contents Every Trace Of Infected Tissue Should He Excised, Curetted By A Firm Dry Swah Or Destroyed By The Cautery, And The Surrounding Structures Flushed By Antiseptic ...
Acute General Miliary Tuberculosis
Acute General Miliary Tuberculosis. Little Can Be Done For This Fatal Malady, Which Usually Pursues Its Course In A Few Weeks. The Treatment Must Be Entirely Symptomatic. Fever Will Call For Repeated Cold Sponging. As The Action Of The Newer Antipyretic Drugs Is Too Dangerously To The Heart To Admit ...
Addisons Disease
Addison's Disease. At Best Only Treatment Of Symptoms Is Indicated; Very Often The Administration Of Suprarenal Gland Extract Produces No Effect Whatever Upon The Progress Of This Disease; Nevertheless, Since There Is No Other Agent Which Exerts Any Specific Action, It Always Should Be Given As A Routine Procedure, Because ...
Adenoids
Adenoids. Notwithstanding Their Tendency To Wither Or Atrophy As The Child Grows Older, The Presence Of These Hypertrophied Masses Of Lymphoid Tissue Should Be Regarded As An Indication For Surgical Since, By Waiting, Incurable Deafness, Post-nasal Catarrh, Chest Deformity, And Alteration Of The Normal Voice May Supervene, Although Some Authorities ...
Air Passages
Air Passages, Foreign Bodies In. No Time Should Be Lost In Removing Any Body Lodged In The Larynx Through Waiting For Its Exact Location, By The X Rays, Owing To The Danger Of Direct Suffocation Or The Probable Advent Of Reflex Spasm. When Time Permits Thoroughly Cocainise The Pharynx And ...
Albuminuria
Albuminuria. Usually The Treatment Of This Condition Resolves Itself Into The Manage Ment Of Bright's Disease. In Those Cases Where Albumin Appears In The Urine, Apparently Independent Of Renal Disease, It May (speaking Generally) Be Said To Be In Such Small Amount As Not To Call For Any Special Treatment. ...
Alcoholism
Alcoholism. Under The Heading Of Poisoning The Treatment Of Acute Alcoholism Will Be Described. The Preventive Treatment Of Drunkenness Is A Wide And Serious Question; And, Notwithstanding The Heroic Attempts Of Philan Thropists And The Activity Of Temperance Reformers, The Exhaustless Literature Of The Subject, And The Introduction Of Costly ...
Alopecia
Alopecia Areata.—in The Treatment Of This Condition One Set Of Authorities, Considering The Disease To Be Of Nerve Origin, Recommends Remedies For Improving The General Health And Tone Of The Nervous System In Particular, As Iron, Strychnine, Arsenic, Phosphorus, Sulphur, Massage, &c., With Generous Diet Of Fats, Phosphates, Crushed Wheat ...
Amblyopia
Amblyopia, Toxic. The Most Common Cause Of This Condition, Which Is Also Known Amongst Ophthalmic Surgeons As Central Scotoma, Is Tobacco. As Soon As The First Symptom (which Is Commonly That Of A Sudden And Progressive Dimness Of Vision) Leads The Patient To Seek Advice, And The Diagnosis Being Clear, ...
Amputation Stumps
Stumps, Amputation, Diseases Oe—stye Artificial Limb, And Sooner Or Later Require Conversion Into A Syme—the Ideal Amputation Stump. Any Of The Tissues Of Which A Stump Is Composed May Give Trouble And Require Treatment. Scars May Be Painful, Either In Parts From Nerve Filament Involvement Or Generally. Relief Of Pressure ...
Anchylostomiasis
Anchylostomiasis. Preventive Measures Consist In Absolute Cleanliness Of The Skin And The Sterilisation Of All Water And Possibly Contaminated Food And The Destruc Tion Of Faeces. The Parasite Should Be Vigorously Attacked By An Anthel Mintie Administered After A Smart Purge Has Cleared Out The Contents Of The Intestines, And ...
Anemia
Anemia. In Acute Anxmia The Result Of Loss Of Blood Through Injury Of Veins Or Arteries Caused By Wounds Or By Diseased Processes (as In Duodenal Ulceration) The Diminished Bulk Of Blood Must Be Made Up Before The Blood Pressure Falls To A Degree Incompatible With Life. Often The Urgency ...
Aneurism
Aneurism. The Treatment Of This Affection Is A Wide Subject, And Since Surgical Methods, When These Are Admissible, Should Be Undertaken Only By Experienced Operators, Their Detailed Discussion In A Work Like The Present Is Unnecessary. The Most Radical And Satisfactory Surgical Procedure Which Is Suitable For Nearly All Small ...
Angina Pectoris
Angina Pectoris. During An Acute Paroxysm Treatment Must Be Prompt And Decisive To Be Of Use, And As The Sudden Nature Of The Attack And Its Often Brief Duration Prevents The Services Of The Physician Being Obtained In'time, The Patient Must He Instructed How To Act As Soon As He ...
Anus
Anus, Fissure Of If The Ulcer Or Fissure Is Deep And Of Long Standing, The Surgeon, Under Local Anaesthesia, Should Proceed At Once, After The Bowels Have Been Cleared Out, To Make An Incision Across Its Entire Length And Deep Enough To Divide About One-third Of The Fibres Of The ...
Anus_2
Anus, Fistula Of. In Blind External Fistula, An Attempt May Be Made To Induce Healing Before Resorting To Incision By Applying A Strong Solution Of Zinc Chloride On A Probe Coated With A Thin Layer Of Wool, Or Strong Carbolic Acid May Be Used In The Same Manner. Beck's Warm ...
Anus_3
Anus, Prolapse Of. This Is Usually Easily Reduced When The Protrusion Is Of Recent Origin By Smearing The Mass With Vaseline And Making Firm Pressure By The Fingers So As To Gently Push It Back Within The Grasp Of The Internal Sphincter. If Reduction Does Not Speedily Follow, Owing To ...
Anus_4
Anus, Pruritus Of. The Removal Of The Cause Usually Effects A Speedy Cure When This Trouble Some Affection Arises From The Irritation Of Anal Fissure, Fistula, Piles, Polypi, Condvlomata Or Threadwonns. Where Much Eczema Is Present, The Treatment Of This Disease Should Be Closely Attended To, And Tarry Compounds Are ...
Aphasia
Aphasia. This Speech Difficulty Need Receive No Attention Till The Treatment Of The Cerebral Lesion Causing It Has Demonstrated That The Hemorrhage, Em Bolism, Or Thrombosis Is No Longer Active Or Has Ceased To Extend. In Functional Cases, As In Hysteria And Post-epileptic Aphasia, Treatment Is Seldom Necessary, The Speech ...
Aphonia
Aphonia. This Comes Under The Eye Of The Physician Commonly As A Manifestation Of Hysteria, And Its Cure Is Rapid And Satisfactory. A Strong Induced Current Is The Remedy For This Affection. One Wire Of The Battery Is Attached To A Flat Electrode, Which Is Made To Rest Upon The ...
Apoplexy
Apoplexy. Restricting The Term To The More Or Less Sudden Loss Of Consciousness And Motor Power Arising From A Vascular Lesion Inside The Cranium, Due Either To The Rupture Of An Artery In The Cerebral Tissue, With The Extra Vasated Blood Ploughing Up The Brain Substance, Or To The Lodgment ...
Appendicitis
Appendicitis, Acute Form. The Writer Regards It As Now Definitely Established That Under This Title Are Included Two Distinct Entities: (r) Acute Inflammation Of The Appen Dix, And (2) Acute Appendicular Obstruction, The Latter Being The More Serious, Not Only On Account Of The Insidious Character Of The Early Symp ...
Arteriosclerosis
Arteriosclerosis. Of Allbutt's Three Types Of This Condition The Toxic Is Regarded As The Product Of Blood Changes, Probably Acting Through The Increased Viscosity Of The Circulating Fluid, Due To The Influence Of Toxins Manufactured Mostly Within The Body, As In Typhoid Fever, Diabetes, And Syphilis, Or Poisons, Like Lead ...
Ascaris Lumbricomes
Ascaris Lumbricomes. Preventive Treatment Is Always Efficacious; The Drinking Water Should Be Boiled Or Filtered, And All Uncooked Vegetables Or Salads Should He Thoroughly Soaked In Strong Salt Solution, And Washed With Care By A Strong Stream Of Running Water. Santonin Meets Every Requirement Once The Patient Is Known To ...
Ascites
Ascites. The Treatment Of Ascites In The First Instance Must Be Directed To The Removal Of The Primary Cause, And This Will Obviously Consist In The Exhibi Tion Of The Remedies Suitable To The Management Of The Different Diseases Which Will Be Enumerated Under Their Separate Headings. Failure Generally Is ...
Asphyxia
Asphyxia. This Is The Result Of Many Widely Differing Causes, And The Treatment Of The Primary Affection Will He Found Under Such Headings As Drowning, Laryngitis, Glossitis, Bronchitis, Sunstroke, Poisoning By Chloroform And Gas, Air Passages, Foreign Bodies In, &c. The Main Indication Is For Artificial Respiration After The Obstruction ...
Asthenopia
Asthenopia. When The Patient Complains Of Inability To Continue The Use Of The Eyes For Near Work As Reading And Sewing Owing To Blurring Of The Objects, Browache, &c., The Cause May Be Simply Due To Follicular Conjunctivitis, Which May Be Recognised By Everting The Lower Lid, When The Rows ...
Asthma
Asthma. The Theory That This Disease Is The Result Of Anaphylaxis Has Opened Up A New Field For Preventive And Curative Treatment, But An Underlying Neurotic Condition Is Probably Always Present, And The Exciting Causes Which Bring The Spasmodic Mechanism Into Play Are Very Numerous. The First Step In The ...
B Edsores
B Edsores. Preventive Treatment Is Of Primary Importance, And Since The Sores Are Almost Invariably Secondary To Some Bedridden Condition The Attention Of The Physician And Nurse Should Always Be Directed To The Possibility Of Their Supervention In Prolonged Fevers, Paralysis, Fractures Of The Femur, &c. Continuous Pressure Over Some ...
Balanitis
Balanitis. Where This Is Part Of A Gonorrhoea, Will It Be Necessary To Do Anything Hut Inject Permanganate Of Potassium (i Gr. To 2 Oz.) Round The Glans And Also Down The Urethra, Curing Both Complaints At The Same Time. If There Be Much Pain And Redness, A Lead And ...
Baldness
Baldness. In Seborrhceic Cases In The Early Stage The Baldness Can Be Arrested Or Cured By The Liberal Use Of Animal Fats With Antiseptics Applied After Careful Cleansing Of The Scalp Borax Or Equal Amounts Of Soft Soap And Alcohol And The Removal Of All Traces Of The Soap Before ...
Beriberi
Beriberi. Until The True Pathology Of This Interesting Disease Is Worked Out Its Treatment Must Remain Unsatisfactory. Whether The Real Causal Factor Is Of The Nature Of A Ferment Or A Microbe, This Much Appears To Be Proven —that Its Prevention Can Be Accomplished By Using Undermined Or Un Polished ...
Blackwater Fever
Blackwater Fever. This Condition Is Intimately Associated With Malaria, Since Malarial Parasites Have Been Found In 95 Per Cent. Of The Cases Investigated, But As The Condition Of Hxmoglobinuria Which Characterises It Is Only Seen In A Small Number Of Severe Malarial Fevers, It Is Obvious That Some Unknown Factor ...
Bladder
Bladder, Inflammation Of. Of The Causes Of Acute Cystitis One Of The Most Common Is The Extension Backwards Of A Gonorrhoeal Urethritis. The Best Treatment Will Consist In Absolute Rest In Bed With The Free Use Of The Hot Sitz Bath (temp.roe) At Short Intervals, And A 2-gr. Morphia Suppository ...
Bladder_2
Bladder, Irritability Of. This May Usually Be Regarded As The First Symptom Of A Cystitis, And Treated Accordingly By The Removal Of The Cause And The Use Of The Agents And Drugs Discussed In The Previous Article. It Must Be Remembered Also That Such Reflex Causes As Displacements Of The ...
Boils
Boils. These Are Always Due To The Introduction Of Staphylococcus Pyogenes Ctureus To A Hair Follicle Or Sebaceous Gland, And The Preventive And Curative Treatment Of Furunculosis By Vaccine Therapy May Be Relied Upon. Too Million Staphylococci Administered To A Patient Developing An Isolated Furuncle Always Produce An Immediate Positive ...
Bradycardia
Bradycardia. The Slow Action Of The Heart, To Which This Title Is Restricted, Is But A Sign Of Various Pathological Conditions, Some Of Which Are Situated Within, Whilst Others Are Outside The Organ. The Treatment Of Those Cases Of Bradycardia Which Are Due To The In Fluence Of A Toxin ...
Brights Disease
Bright's Disease, Acute. Rest Must Be Given To The Acutely Affected Renal Organs, Any Attempt To Stimulate The Kidney By Diuretics In This Condition Being Liable To Increase The Congestion And To Cause Suppression Of Urine. The Patient Should Be Ordered To Take To His Bed As Soon As The ...
Bromidrosis
Bromidrosis. The Feet And Armpits Are Chiefly The Scat Of This Affection, With Its Excessive Perspiration Accompanied By Evil-smelling Exhalations. The Most Scrupulous And Frequent Cleansing By Antiseptic Solutions Must Be Rigidly Enforced, And The General Health Carefully Attended To. Internal Remedies Are Of Little Use, Though Belladonna Or Atropine ...
Bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis. The Patient Should Be Treated By Outdoor Living, Improved Hygienic Surroundings, Abundant Nutritious Food, Cod-liver Oil, And Such Climatic Conditions As Are Usually Indicated In Wasting Disease Caused By Chronic Disease Of The Lung Inducing Dilatation Of The Bronchi. In All Cases An Atmosphere As Free From Septic Organisms ...
Bronchitis
Bronchitis, Acute. There Is Little Indication For Active Drug Treatment In Acute Catarrh Involving The Upper Portions Of The Respiratory Tract In Otherwise Healthy Subjects. Where The Patient Persists In Going About And Attending To His Ordinary Duties, The Physician Should Be Careful Not To Prescribe The Remedies Indicated Where ...
Bruises
Bruises. When The Contused Part Is Seen Immediately After Injury Before Extra Vasation Has Occurred, This May Be Sometimes Prevented By Firm Pressure Over A Pad Of Cotton-wool Or By The Application Of Ice Or An Evaporating Lotion. A Cold Saturated, Recently Prepared, Solution Of Chloride Of Ammonium Is A ...
Bubo
Bubo. Suppuration Of The Lymphatic Glands In The Groin Is Usually A Compli Cation Of The Soft Sore Caused By Ducrey's Bacillus, And The Gonococcus Acts Sometimes In A Similar Manner. The Resulting Swelling Or Bubo Is To Be Differentiated From The True Syphilitic Gland Swelling, Which Is Of Almost ...
Bunion
Bunion. Preventive Treatment.—the Cause Of This Condition (which Is Usually Associated With Hallux Valgus Or Deviation Of The Great Toe From The Inner Line Of The Body) Is The Wearing Of Narrow Boots Or Shoes. These Must Be Discarded For Wide-soled Boots With Square Roomy Toes And Low Broad Heels. ...
Burns And Scalds
Burns And Scalds. Preventive Treatment In The Ordinary Sense Of The Word Need Not Be Considered, But The Consequences Of A Burning Accident May Often He So Minimised That A Fatal Issue May Be Prevented By Presence Of Mind And Prompt Action At The Time. The Victim Should Be Instantly ...
Bursitis
Bursitis. For Acute Inflammation Of Bursle Following Injuries And Wounds, Rest Of The Limb On A Padded Splint, And The Application Of Cold Lotions Or Ice, Generally Suffice To Bring About Resolution. If Much Pain He Present, Poultices Smeared With Green Extract Of Belladonna, Or Hot Fomentations May Be Applied; ...
Caisson Illness
Caisson Illness. Thit Suddenness Of Change From The Much Higher Pressure Of The Atmo Sphere In The Diving-bell Or Caisson To That Of The Ordinary Atmosphere Is The Cause Of This Condition, Which Is Also Known As Diver's Paralysis. Before Reaching The Surface The Diver Is Made To Enter An ...
Cancer
Cancer. There Is No Treatment For This Disease Save Earliest Possible Removal Of The Tumour By Surgical Methods. It Must Not Be Denied That Very Occasionally A Success Can Be Attributed To X-ray Or Radium Treatment, Nevertheless These Two Popular Agents Seem To Be Finding Their True Place As Adjuvants ...
Cancer Of The
Cancer Of The Bladder.—the Malignant Growths In The Female Bladder Or The Villous Type Of Organism Which Is Liable To Take On Cancerous Action May He Removed Under Chloroform By Dilating Fully The Urethra And Thoroughly Curetting The Tumour, Whose Base Should Be Then Freely Cauterised. The Male Patient Should ...
Cancer Of The
Cancer Of The Uterus.—delay In Diagnosis Explains The Unsatisfac Tory Results Of Operative Treatment In This Disease. With The Late Attempts To Bring Under The Notice Of The Profession In All European Countries And In America The Serious Importance Of An Earlier Recognition Of The Affection, And With Improvements In ...
Cancer Of The_2
Cancer Of The Breast.—the Only Justifiable Procedure Is The Entire Removal En Bloc Of The Whole Gland, With Its Skin And Surrounding Fatty Tissue, Both Pectoral Muscles, Or The Greater Portion Of Each, The Muscular Aponeurosis And The Axillary Glands; The Supraclavicular Lymphatics, When These Latter Are Found To Be ...
Cancer Of The_3
Cancer Of The Gullet.—extirpation Of The Growth Is Generally Impracticable, And The Use Of Dilating Bougies Is Fraught With Such Danger Of Perforation And Hemorrhage That They Never Should Be Employed. When The Patient Is Still Able To Get His Food Through The Narrowed Tube He May Be Long Kept ...
Cancer Of The_4
Cancer Of The Rectum.—the Only Treatment Holding Out The Pros Pects Of Cure Is The Complete Removal Of The Lower End Of The Bowel, And In Some Instances Success Has Followed The Removal Of The Entire Rectum And Sigmoid. The Most Apparently Hopeless Cases Sometimes Succeed When The Growth Can ...
Cancer Of The_5
Cancer Of The Stomach.—the Treatment Of This Affection, Owing To The Advances In Abdominal Surgery, Is Rapidly Passing From The Domain Of The Physician To That Of The Operating Surgeon. The Palliative Treatment By Drugs, Restricted Dietary, Lavage, &c., Should Only Be Undertaken When The Decision To Abandon Operative Procedure ...
Cancer Of The_6
Cancer Of The Tongue.—small Superficial Patches Of Malignant Growth Which Have Supervened Upon Leukoplakia, Especially When Caustics Have Been Employed In Its Treatment, Should Be Excised (after Oral Sepsis Has Been Met) By Pulling The Organ Forwards With A Ligature Inserted Into Its 9 Tit) And Cutting Out A V-shaped ...
Capillary Eronchitis
Capillary Eronchitis. Catarrhal Inflammation Of The Fine Bronchial Tubes Must Be Treated More Actively Owing To Its Greater Gravity And Urgency, Especially As The Disease Is More Commonly Met With In Children, Who May Rapidly Succumb To The Asphyxia Liable To Supervene Upon The Blocking Of The Small Bronchi By ...
Carbuncle
Carbuncle. Since This Is The Result Of The Introduction Of The Staphylococcus Aureus Into The Orifice Of The Cutaneous Ducts, As In Boils, The General Indications Are Identical For The Treatment Of Both Affections, Though The Gravity Of Carbuncle Owing To The Danger Of Sepsis, Pymmia, And Exhaustion Is Very ...
Caries Of Spine
Caries Of Spine. The Constitutional Treatment Is Identical With That Of Phthisis Or Other Tuberculous Affection—viz., Open-air Life When Possible, Overfeeding, The Use Of Cod-liver Oil, Iodide Of Iron, Creosote, Ifypophosphites, &c. Complete Rest And Immobilisation Of The Spine Must He Insisted Upon From The First With The View Of ...
And Enuresis Incontinence Of
Incontinence Of Urine, And Enuresis. Enlargement Of The Prostate Is The Commonest Cause Of Urinary In Continence In Elderly Subjects, And Must Be Dealt With By Radical Surgical Measures. The Physician Must Always Be On His Guard Against Mistaking The Dribbling Overflow From A Distended Bladder For Incontinence, A Con ...