Caries
Caries Is The Term Applied To A Process In Bone When The Osseous Tissue Dis Integrates Piecemeal, Corresponding To Ulceration In The Soft Tissues. The Disease Being Nearly Always The Result Of Tubercle, Constitutional Treatment Is Invariably Demanded, And The Indications Are The Same As In Tuberculosis And Scrofula—viz., Cod-liver ...
Cataract
Cataract. Senile Cataract Is The Most Commonly Met With Type Of Opacity Of The Lens. It Can Only Be Remedied By Operation, As No Known Agent Exerts Any Influence In Preventing The Progressive Blindness, Though When The Opacity Is Greatest In The Nuclear Part Of The Lens Some Improvement Of ...
Chilblain
Chilblain. Prevention Consists, As In The Case Of Chapped Hands. In The Avoidance Of Frequent Washing With Very Hot Or Very Cold Water And Exposing The Imperfectly Dried Hands To The Heat Of The Fire, And Of Exposure To Cold Winds, Followed By Injurious Warming Methods. Vigorous Open-air Exer Cise, ...
Chloasma
Chloasma. The Pigmented Patches Often Seen On The Upper Part Of The Face Of Pregnant Women And Those Suffering From Uterine Or Ovarian Troubles, Which Constitute The Affection Known As Chloasma Uterinum, Usually Disappear When The Primary Condition Is Removed And The Skin Is Treated By Perchloride Of Mercury Or ...
Chlorosis
Chlorosis. The Treatment Of This Condition Has Been Referred To Under Anaemia And Amenorrhoea; It Consists Mainly In The Exhibition Of Iron. 131aud's Pills, 2 Four Times Daily; 3o To Go Mins. Of Dialysed Iron; Or 3-gr. Doses Of Re Duced Iron Are The Best Preparations. The Dose Of The ...
Cholera Asiatica
Cholera Asiatica. Preventive Treatment Is Of Vital Importance; In Epidemics The Purity Of The Drinking Water Must He Assured. I Loiling And Filtration Afford Perfect Protection As Regards This Source Of Infection; The Addition Of Even Amounts Of Alcoholic Liquors Is Useless Without Heat. All Foods And Drinks Should He ...
Chorea
Chorea. Till The Exact Pathology Of Chorea He Demonstrated Specific Treatment Is Not To Be Expected. Only Three Or Our Of The Host Of Remedies Recom Mended From Time To Time For The Treatment Of Chorea Are Of Real Value. A Disease So Liable To Get Well In Many Cases ...
Choroiditis
Choroiditis. This Is Often Of Syphilitic Origin,and Yields To Active Mercurial Treatment; If Got At An Early Stage, Mercurial Inunctions Are Especially Indicated, And Should Be Continued For A Considerable Period. In Acute Cases Occur Ring Late In Syphilis, Large Closes Of Iodide Of Potassium May Be Tried First. In ...
Chronic
Chronic Endometritis.—in The Majority Of These Cases The Endo Metrium Of The Body Of The Uterus Is Free From Infection, Probably Owing To The Thorough Flushing With Blood Which It Undergoes At Each Menstrual Epoch, And The Disease Is Confined To The Canal Of The Cervix. Very Oftcn A Cervix ...
Chronic Diarrhcea
Chronic Diarrhcea Usually Depends Upon A Catarrhal Condition Of The Bowel, And Is Often The Sequel Of The Irritative Or Septic Type When Not Depending On Tuberculous Ulceration. In Infants And Young Children It May Be Due To Feeble Circulatory Powers With Successive Attacks Of Chill, In Which Case Warm ...
Ci1ronic Inflammation Of Ti1e
Ci1ronic Inflammation Of Ti1e Bladder.—the Treatment Of This Condition In The First Instance As In The Acute Affection Should Consist In The Removal Of The Cause When Possible. The Following Are The Chief Causes Usually Met With: (i) Prostatic Enlargement, (2) Stone Or Foreign Bodies, (3) Atony, (4) Tumour, (5) ...
Ciironic Gastric
Ciironic Gastric Ulcer.—this Type Of Ulcer May Exhibit Its Presence By A Return Of The Usual Symptoms Some Time After The Patient Has Been Freed From All Pain And Discomfort By A Prolonged Rest-cure, In Which Case It Really Belongs To The Class Recognised As The Recurring Ulcer. It Is, ...
Clavicle
Clavicle, Fractures Of. The Deformity Or Displacement In Fractures Of The Shaft Is Mainly If Not Entirely Clue To The Depression Of The Shoulder Which Causes The Outer Fragment To Be Drawn Downwards, Forwards And Inwards By The Weight Of The Arm, Whilst The Inner Fragment Is Held In Its ...
Cleft Palate
Cleft Palate. The Sooner The Cleft Can Be Closed By Operation The Better, And If Possible In All Cases This Should Be Done Before The Patient Learns To Speak. When The Cleft Only Involves The Soft Palate And Uvula The Operation Of Staphylarrhaphy May Be Performed In A Few Weeks ...
Club Foot
Club Foot. Congenital Club Foot Is Commonly Of The Equino-varus Type, And The Deformity Can Be Effectually Dealt With When Not Severe Without Any Cut Ting Operation. A Few Days After Birth Systematic Manipulations Of The Distorted Foot Should Be Patiently And Perseveringly Undertaken By A Trained Nurse. The Anterior ...
Colic
Colic, Intestinal. Intense Pain Calls For Immediate Relief By Sedatives; Afterwards The Cause Of The Attack Will Often Afford The Best Indication For The Nature Of The Treatment Required. Thus The Colic Of Infancy Generally Depends Upon An Error In Feeding, And In The Majority Of Cases Will He Found ...
Colic_2
Colic, Lead. Morphia Hypodermically Should Be Administered When The Pain Is Very Severe And Persistent And Does Nut Yield To Warm Poultices To The Abdomen And A Hot Bath. The Colon Must Be Emptied By A Large Enema Of Hot Water As Soon As The Patient Comes Under Observation, After ...
Colitis
Colitis. The Catarrhal Form Of The Disease Manifesting Itself Mainly By The Pres Ence Of Diarrhoea Is To Be Treated As Any Ordinary Form Of Irritative Diarrhcea By Rest In Bed, A Diet Of Milk And Lime Water, With Egg Albumin, Arrowroot, Cornflour Or Other Smooth Farinaceous Food Given In ...
Collapse And Shock
Collapse And Shock. Collapse Is Generally Due To Loss Of Blood From Hemorrhage Or To Profuse Diarrhoea As In Cholera, Which Reduces The Vascular Tension Throughout The Body. The Treatment Is Obvious: The Vessels Must Be Filled By The Intro Duction Into The System Of Normal Saline Solution. In Mild ...
Coma
Coma. The Cause Of The Coma Must He Determined Before Any Form Of Rational Treatment Can Be Decided On. A Head Injury, Meningeal Inflammation, Apoplexy, Sunstroke, Opium Or Alcohol-poisoning, Uremia Or Hvperpyrexia May Be The Cause, And Should Be Promptly Met By The Treatment As Detailed Under The Heading Of ...
Complications
Complications. The Treatment Of The Various Complications Occurring During An Attack Typhoid Fever Is To He Conducted Upon The Generally Received Principles Of Therapeutics, Modified, However, By The Presence Of The Primary Zymotic Condition. For Convenience These May Be Briefly Referred To In Their Alphabetical Order Regardless Of Their Frequency ...
Concussion And Compression Of
Concussion And Compression Of The Brain And Spine. The Subject Of Concussion Has Received Very Close Study Owing To The Large Number Of Cases Of Injury In War Caused By The Detonation Of High Explosives Where The Enormous Increase In Atmospheric Pressure Is Brought To Bear Upon The Cerebro-spinal Fluid. ...
Condylomata
Condylomata. After Thoroughly Cleansing And Drying The Moist Patches Each Should He Dusted Over With A Powder Consisting, Of Equal Parts Of Calomel And Calamina, And Wherever The Moist Surfaces Come Into Contact They Should Be Separated By A Layer Of Dry Gauze Or Lint. Ointments Are Less Efficacious Than ...
Conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis. Except The Mild Form Of Conjunctival Inflammation Caused By The Irri Tation Of Foreign Bodies Or Of Eye-strain, All Other Types Of Conjunctivitis Must Be Regarded As Microbic And Infectious. Hence Prez'entive Treatment Is Of Primary Importance, The Chief Element In Which Is Scrupulous Clean Liness And In The ...
Constipation
Constipation. The Most Potent Cause Is The Habit Of Disregarding The Call Of Nature To Evacuate The Contents Of The Bowel Or Postponing The Response Till A More Convenient Season. A Correct Knowledge Of The Normal Function Of The Bowel Is Essential Before Any Progress Can Be Made As Regards ...
Convulsions
Convulsions. The Cause Must Be Sought For Before Active Treatment Can Be Com Menced; Thus The Presence Of A Mass Of Round-worms In The Intestinal Canal Of A Child Will Call For Santonin And A Purgative. The Convulsions Arising In A Patient Suffering From Advanced Renal Affection Will Demand The ...
Cornea
Cornea, Inflammation Of. Where Corneal Ulceration Follows Phlyctenular Keratitis And Injuries The First Indication Is To Afford As Complete Rest As Possible To The Eye. Atropine Should Be Instilled, But If The Corneal Ulcer Is Marginal Eserine Is Preferable. Both Eyes Should Be Carefully Bandaged Over A Padding Of Lint. ...
Corns And Callosities
Corns And Callosities. Preventive Treatment Is Important And Consists In Attention Directed To Footwear. The Epithelial Hypertrophy Will Disappear As Soon As The Cause Is Removed—i.e., The Intermittent Pressure Of A Tight Boot; Some Times, However, Owing To The Boots Being Too Large, The Friction Caused By The Skin Of ...
Cough
Cough. Cough Should Be Treated As A Symptom And Not As A Disease, And The Cause Should Always He Carefully Sought For First. Even When Chest Signs And Expectoration Are Absent The Diagnosis May Usually Be Easily Made. Thus The Hacking, Short, Dry Cough Of Early Phthisis May Be Traced ...
Cramp
Cramp. This Term Is Usually Applied To The Intensely Painful Tonic Spasm Which Affects The Leg Or Thigh Muscles. Smart Friction May Be Employed Over The Contracted Muscle, And, By A Voluntary Effort, The Opposing Muscles May Be Thrown Into Firm And Prolonged Action, Which Soon Relieves The Spasm. By ...
Cretinism
Cretinism. The Indications For Treatment Are Identical With Those Of Myxcedema, And The Sooner Thyroid Feeding Is Commenced The Better As Regards Both The Mental And Physical Development Of The Child. There Is Some Difficulty In Determining The Correct Dose, But Any Case May Be Commenced In The Infant With ...
Croup
Croup. Laryngisums Siridalus (a True Spasm Of The Glottis Usually Occurring In Rickety Children) Has Its Treatment Detailed Under Its Own Heading. Mem Branous Croup Or .11. Laryngitis, Formerly Known As True Croup, Is Now Universally Regarded As Of Diphtheritic Nature, And Its Treatment Will Be Discussed Under Diphtheria. The ...
Dandriff
Dandriff (seborrhoea Capitis). The Scalp Must Be Thoroughly Cleansed And All Scales Removed Before Iny Treatment Is Started. The Best Cleansing Agent Is Borax, Which Should Be Applied As A Soap Is Used And Rubbed Into The Skin With Water, Raising A Lather. A Solution Of Green Soap In Alcohol ...
Delirium Tremens
Delirium Tremens. The Patient Must Be Removed To A Partially Darkened, Noiseless Room, With Good Window Fastenings And As Little Furniture As Possible In It. For Male Patients The Female Nurse Should Always Have The Aid Of A Reliable Male To Assist Her, And Where Trained Male Nurses Are Procurable ...
Dementia
Dementia. For Dementia Secondary To Severe Mania, Melancholia And Other Forms Of Insanity, Treatment Is Practically Useless. Though A Cure Is Not To Be Expected. Much Con Be Done By Education Of The Patient In Sonic Simple Employment Which Tends To Prevent Further Mental Deterioration, And The Routine Of A ...
Dental Caries
Dental Caries. Preventive Treatment Will Consist In Thorough Cleansing Of The Mouth At Least Twice A Day And The Use Of A Local Antiseptic, As The Condition Is Due To Microbic Action. Odolol In Alcohol Makes The Most Reliable Of Washes; It Splits Into Salicylic Acid And Phenol In Contact ...
Dentition
Dentition, Disorders Of. Formerly Nearly Every Symptom Of Illness Occurring During Late Infancy Was Put Down To Teething; At Present The Opposite View Is So Strongly Main Tained That Many Regard The Subject As Practically Outside The Sphere Of Etiology, Pathology, Or Treatment. Owing To The Activity Of The Develop ...
Dermatitis
Dermatitis. The Cause Must Be Searched For, And When This Is Removed The Condi Tion Rapidly Subsides Under Local Treatment Such As Is Indicated In The Management Of A Case Of Simple Eczema Or Inlertrigo In Its Early Stages— Viz., A Bland Ointment Like Zinc Oxide Or An Unirritating Drying ...
Diabetes Insipidus
Diabetes Insipidus. The Treatment Of This Affection Is Entirely Empiric, Since Its Pathology Is Still A Mystery. Electricity In Every Form Has Been Tried, Without Marked Benefit. Extract Of Valerian In Large Doses Was Employed By Trousseau. Ile Administered A Drachm Three Times A Day, And In One Case He ...
Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus. Dietetic Treatment Still Remains The Great Resource In The Routine Of Diabetes, Drugs Being Of Little Avail Save For Correcting Complications. The Chief Object Should Be To Furnish For The Patient A Dietary Containing The Least Amount Of Sugar Or Starch, Or Substances Easily Convertible Into Sugar. But ...
Diarrhcea
Diarrhcea. The Treatment Of This Symptom Can Only Be Rationally Carried Out After Its Cause Has Been Discovered. Unfortunately The General Acceptance Of The Theory Which Has Bracketed Diarrhoea And Enteritis As Synonymous Terms Has Plunged The Subject Into Hopeless Confusion. In The Great Majority Of Cases Of Diarrhoea The ...
Dietetic
Dietetic Treatment.—this Is Of The Utmost Consequence; Indeed, Except, Perhaps, In The Case Of Diabetes. There Is No Affeetion In Which The Question Of Dietary Is Of Such Vital Importance, And The Young Physician Must Recognise That There Is No Point In Connection With This Subject Which He Can Afford ...
Diphtheria
Diphtheria. Preventive Treatment In Time Of Epidemic Consists In Rigid Isolation As In Scarlatina, &c. The Diphtheritic Patient Cannot Be Regarded As Innocuous Until After A Period Of At Least Three Weeks, Or As Long As The Bacilli Can He Found In The Nasal Discharge Or Throat. The Best Prophy ...
Diseases Op Tonsils
Tonsils, Diseases Op Of A Solution Of Eucaine, The Fine Point Of The Cautery Is Thrust Into The Hypertrophic Tissue At Several Spots So As To Destroy Small Areas Of The Enlarged Gland ; The Subsequent Cicatrisation May Cause Marked Shrinking Of The Diseased Organ. The Plan Of Reducing The ...
Dislocations
Dislocations. The Obvious Procedure Is To Effect Reduction At The Earliest Moment Before Reflex Contracture Sets In. If This Be Attempted Immediately, The End Of The Displaced Bone Can Usually Be So Manipulated As To Replace It In Its Normal Position Through The Rent In The Capsule Of The Joint ...
Dropsy
Dropsy. Treatment Can Only Be Commenced After A Careful Examination Has Determined The Cause Of The Anasarca, And The Removal Of The Swelling Will Be Effected By Those Remedies Which Exert A Specific Action Upon The Primary Disease. Thus In Cardiac Dropsy The Effusion Into The Cellular Tissue Being Mainly ...
Drowning
Drowning. As Soon As The Apparently Drowned Is Removed From The Water, Artificial Respiration Should Be Commenced Without A Moment's Delay, Shafer's Method Being Employed. The Body Should He Placed Horizontally On The Bank, With The Back Upwards And The Left Side Of The Face Resting On The Ground, No ...
Duodenal Ulcer
Duodenal Ulcer. The General Indications Are Mainly The Same As In Ulcer Of Stomach— Rest And Milk Feeding; But It Is Not Clear That Spoon-feeding Is So Desirable. Larger Amounts Of Milk With Cream May Be Given Every Couple Of Hours, And A Large Dose Of Alkali, As In Sippv's ...
Dupintrens Contraction Of The
Dupintren's Contraction Of The Palmar Fascia. In Very Slight Cases The Deformity May Be Kept From Extending And Even A Cure May Be Sometimes Effected By Constant Passive Nay Counts And Massage With The Careful Application Of A Well-padded Metal Splint Worn Every Night So As To Keep The Fingers ...
Dysentery
Dysentery. The Experience Of The Host Of Observers Working On The Various Battle Fronts In The Great World War Has Cleared Up Many Doubtful Points In The Prevention And Treatment Of This Disease. Rational Treatment Can Only Be Entered Upon After An Examination Of The Stools, Which Will Demon Strate ...
Dysmenorrhcea
Dysmenorrhcea. Practically Every Civilised Woman Suffers From More Or Less Discomfot T And Malaise At The Menstrual Epoch, Such Manifestations As Pain And Weight In The Back And Loins, Some Abdominal Cramp, Headache, And A General Sense Of Lassitude Being Very Common. When These Unpleasant Sensations Become Severe Enough To ...
Dyspepsia
Dyspepsia. In Displacing The Term " Dyspepsia " By That Of " Gastric Neuroses " Confusion Has Risen. Dyspepsia May In Its Varied Phases Be Accepted As The Predominant Symptom Of These Affections, As It Also Is Of Many Truly Organic Diseases Of The Stomach, But The Treatment Of Functional ...
Ectropion
Ectropion. The Treatment Of This Condition, Which Is Also Known As Eversion Of The Eyelids, May Be Conveniently Considered Along With That Of The Opposite State—entropion, Or Inversion. Ectropion Of Muscular Or Spastic Origin Is Often Met With In The Lower Eyelids Of Patients Who Suffer From Chronic Swelling Of ...
Eczema
Eczema. The Bewildering Catalogue Of Remedies Employed By Specialists Is A Trial To The Young Physician Who Approaches The Treatment Of A Case Of Eczema For The First Time, And His Confusion Is Not Lessened By A Perusal Of The Pathological Literature Of The Disease, Some Authorities Persisting In The ...
Electric Current Injuries
Electric Current Injuries — See Under Lightning Injuries. Elephantiasis. This Has Been Incidentally Referred To Under Chyluria, Both Conditions Being The Result Of Filaria3; The Scrotum Or Legs Are The Parts Usuallyaffected, And It Must Be Remembered That Cases Of Apparently Typical Elephantiasis May Present Themselves For Treatment In Patients ...
Embolism
Embolism. An Embolus Is Generally Produced By A Thrombosis In A Bloodvessel Or In One Of The Cavities Of The Heart. If The Thrombotic Process Is Evident Or Suspected Prevention Of Embolism Will Lie In Absolute Rest. 'thus In The Inflammation Of The Veins Which Is So Common In The ...