Emphysema Of The Lung
Emphysema Of The Lung. This Is Usually The Outcome Of Attacks Of Bronchitis, Asthma. Whooping Cough, &c., Especially In Subjects Who Have Been Horn With A Deficiency Of Yellow Elastic Tissue In The Walls Of The Pulmonary Infundibula, And The Problem Of Prevention Is Of More Importance Than Is That ...
Empyema
Empyema. Immediate Removal Of A Purulent Secretion In The Pleura Is Imperative Even In The Absence Of All Symptoms, Chiefly On Account Of The Risk Of The Lung Becoming So Fixed And Bound Down By Adhesions That Expansion May Never Occur. In Children The Pus Is Commonly The Result Of ...
Endocarditis
Endocarditis. The Prevention Of Carditis Or Valvulitis In Acute Rheumatism Is A Most Important Element In The Treatment Of That Disease. Absolute Rest In Bed As Soon As The Diagnosis Has Become Established Must Be Insisted Upon; Inc.1 That This Will Sometimes Prevent The Complication Of Endo Carditis In Rheumatic ...
Endometritis Acute
Endometritis. Acute Endometritis.—this Affection May Be Either Puerperal, Gonor Rhoeal Or Due To Infection By A Dirty Instrument. There Is Considerable Risk In The Early Stages Of Generalising Or At Least Spreading The Infection By Energetic Local Measures, And While The Temperature And Pulse-rate Are Still In The Acme Of ...
Epilepsy
Epilepsy. Grave Doubts Must Be Entertained About All Recent Reports Of The Discovery Of A Causal Microbe In This Disease; Though The Trend Of Opinion Is Strongly In Favour Of A Toxmnic Theory, This View Has Not Yet Led To Any Advance In Treatment, This Being Still Purely Symptomatic Or ...
Epiphora
Epiphora. The Treatment Of The Different Conditions In Which The Tears Flow Over The Cheek Instead Of Through The Nasal Duct Will Depend Upon The Nature Of The Obstructing Cause. Thus If The Punctum He Displaced By Ectropion Or Entropion These Deformities Should He Removed By The Operations Described Under ...
Epistaxis
Epistaxis. The Bleeding May Be A Conservative Phenomenon When Not Due To Local Injuries Or Ulcerations, And If Slight It Should Not Be Meddled With; Thus In Plethoric Subjects, And In Those Suffering From Congestive Headaches, The Discharge Gives Relief, And Measures For Its Arrest Should Not Be Under Taken ...
Erysipelas
Erysipelas. Mild 011111 Require Olllt Iualltreatment. 'onslihrlional Treatment In Severe Eases Will Consist Of A Diet Of The Most Sustaining And Easily Digested Food, Solid Meats Living Forbidden Till Fever Disappears. A Allowam E Of Good Soup. Ini•f Teal, Or Chicken Jelly, With Milk In Large Quantity Is Essential. Alcoholic ...
Erythema
Erythema. The First Indication Is, When Possible, To Find Out The Cause Of The Accompanying Dermatitis And Remove It. Thus Irritants As Strong Direct Sunlight, Contact With Dyestuffs. Certain Plants Like Primula Obconica, The X Rays, &c., Must He Eliminated, After Which A Mild Astringent Oint Ment As Ungt. Zinci, ...
Esophagus
Esophagus, Diverticula Of. The Form Of Pouching Of The Gullet Which Is Due To Pressure From Within Acting Upon A Congenital Local Weakness, Is Caused By Abnormal Persistence Or Irregularity In The Position Of A Visceral Cleft. It Is Usually Met With Amongst Those Who Rapidly Bolt Their Food In ...
Esophagus_2
Esophagus, Foreign Bodies In. Thu Fluorescent Screen, A Skiagram Or The Cesophagoscope Should Be Employed To Determine The Position And Nature Of The Impacted Object When The History Of The Case And The Signs Do Not Afford Sufficient Data For Treatment. Small Angular Objects, Fish-bones, Pins, &c., Are Best Dealt ...
Esophagus_3
Esophagus, Spasm Of. (esophagismus Is Usually Met With In Neurotic Women And Alcoholics, And Is Sometimes Accompanied By Marked Emotional Disturbance Arising From The Complete Temporary Obstruction Of The Gullet. Drugs Are Not To Be Relied Upon To Control The Spasm, Though Bromides And Belladonna Are Generally Recommended As A ...
Esophagus_4
Esophagus, Stricture Of. Spasmodic Stricture Has Been Dealt With In The Preceding Article. And The Treatment Of Malignant Will Be Found Detailed In The Article On Cancer. Cic.atricial Stricture Is Nearly Always The Remote Effect Of Swallowing Corrosive Liquid, And Is To Be Met By Mechanical Dilatation. The Patient Should ...
Exophthalmic Goitre
Goitre, Exophthalmic. Rest In Bed Should Be Insisted Upon In All Cases Where The Disease Has Become Established And Where The Pulse-rate Is Above 90. When This Can Be Carried Out In The Open Air So Much The Better. As Soon As Practicable X-ray Or Radium Therapy Should Be Resorted ...
External Ear
External Ear, Diseases Of. Ec:c»ia Of The Auricle And Meatus Often Exist Together, And May Be Acute Or Chronic. Its Treatment Differs In No Way From That Of Eczema In Other Regions. When The Auricle Alone Is Affected, In The Acute Stage, Zinc Ointment To Which 3o Mins. Liq. Plumbi ...
Extra Uterine Pregnancy
Extra-uterine Pregnancy. The Treatment Of Extra-uterine Pregnancy May Be Summed Up In One Word—operation. The Only Question Is When And How, And In Settling This Question The Precise Stage In Development Which The Pregnancy Has Reached Must Be Taken Into Account. R.u Nrubtured Tubal Condition Is Rarely Diagnosed, Mainly Because ...
Facial Spasm
Facial Spasm. Painless Spasm Of The Facial Muscles Arises From Some Reflex Irritation Of The Facial Nerve On One Side, And When Recent Will Disappear On The Removal Of The Exciting Cause, As In The Form Caused By Dental Caries Or Nose Trouble. The Severe Type Of Lilepharospasm Which Involves ...
Favus
Favus. The X Rays, If Applied Daily By An Experienced Operator, Afford The Best Results, Especially When The Scalp Is Invaded; Shedding Of All The Hairs Of The Head In A Few Weeks Occurs. \\len Complete Epilation Of The Scalp Has Been Effected An Antiseptic Ointment Should Be Well Rubbed ...
Flat Foot
Flat Foot. Preventive Treatment In The Most Common Or Static Type Of This Deformity Is Of Great Importance, And When The Affection Is Detected In Its Initial Stage It May Be Arrested Or Removed By Rest Or A Change Of Occupation Which Will Not Entail Prolonged Standing Or Weight Carrying. ...
Fractures
Fractures. The General Principles Of Treatment Only Need Be Detailed. These Consist In The Reduction Of The Deformity By Placing The Fragments Of Bone In Their Normal Position, The Application Of Such Simple Mechanical Contrivances As Will Maintain Their Apposition Till Union Occurs, And When Necessary The Use Of Appliances ...
Gall Bladder And Bile Ducts
Gall-bladder And Bile-ducts, Inflammation Of. The Acute Catarrhal Form Is An Extension Of A Similar Condition In Duodenum And Stomach, And Its Treatment Is That Of Simple Catarrhal Jaundice. When The Cholecystitis Is Due To Gall-stones The Agents To Be Used Will Be Found Detailed In The Next Article. Chronic ...
Gall Stones
Gall-stones (cholelithiasis). Preventive Treatment Is A Practical Consideration, Since Many Individuals Are To Be Met With Who Are Known To Have Passed Gall-stones With The Feces, And Preventive Measures Are As Clearly Indicated In Those Who Have Had Operations Performed For The Removal Of These Calculi In Order To Prevent ...
Ganglion
Ganglion These Small Tumours Appear Oftenest On The Back Of The Wrist, And, When Seen Early, Are In Most Cases Easily Dealt With By Flexing The Wrist So As To Make Them Tense And Prominent, When With The Firm Pressure Of The Surgeon's Thumbs The Cyst Wall Is Ruptured And ...
Gangrene
Gangrene. On The First Signs Of Threatening Gangrene In A Patient Wearing Tight Bandages, Splints, &c., The Restrictions Should Be Immediately Removed, The Limb Slightly Elevated And Enveloped In Warm, Dry, Antiseptic, Absorbent Wool. The Same Measures Should Be Followed In The Gangrene Caused By Carbolic Lotions. When The Senile ...
Gastric
Gastric Inflamiation—gastric Neuroses 3if Meantime. Vomiting And Pain Should Be Met By Small Doses Of Morphia Combined With Bismuth And Hydrocyanic Acid (see Recipe On P. 237). Where There Is A Thick Coating Of Fur On The Tongue With Much Nausea And Retching A Plain Effervescing Mixture Every Two Hours ...
Gastric Dilatation And Pyloric
Gastric Dilatation And Pyloric Obstruction. When Caused By Temporary Or Periodical Blockage Or Kinking Of The Duodenum Owing To Glenard's Disease, Or More Especially To Ptosis Of The Right Kidney, Rest In Bed Is Essential Till The Symptoms Of Dilatation Or Distension Pass Off. If The Cause Of The Primary ...
Gastric Neuroses
Gastric Neuroses. The Connection Between Functional Affections Of The Stomach And The Tangled Web Of Symptoms Recognised As Dyspepsia Has Already Been Dealt With In The Article On Dyspepsia, Which Should Be Studied In Association With The Following Remarks. The Gastric Neuroses Are Usually Divided Into The Sensory, Secretory And ...
Gastric Ulcer And Duodenal
Gastric Ulcer And Duodenal Ulcer. An Early Diagnosis Is Of Vital Importance, And X-ray Methods, By Demonstrating Important Results After A Bismuth Meal, Have Cleared Up Many Difficulties In The Recognition Of Both Gastric And Duodenal Ulcera Tion. Uncomplicated Acute Gastric Ulcers, When Treated Early, Usually Heal Rapidly. The Main ...
Genu Valgum
Genu Valgum (knock-knee). Lloth This Condition And The Opposite One Of Genu Or Bow-knee, Are Nearly Always The Result Of Rickets; Occasionally They May Result In Weak, Underfed Boys By Prolonged Standing Or The Carrying Of Heavy Weights Which Cause The Ligaments Of The Knee-joint To Stretch. The Treatment Of ...
Glanders
Glanders. The Most Scrupulous Cleansing And Disinfection Is Essential Owing To The Infectious Nature Of The Acute Disease And Of Its Chronic Type (farcy), And No Groom Suffering From Abrasions Should Be Permitted To Tend Upon Any Suspected Animal. This Is Equally Imperative In The Case Of Nurses Or Attendants ...
Glaucoma
Glaucoma. The Treatment Of Primary Glaucoma—i.e., That Form Of Increased Tension In The Globe Not Preceded By Any Intra-ocular Disease—requires Prompt Measures When Occurring In The Acute Form. Myotics And Iridec Tomy Are The Methods To Be Resorted To; The Choice Of These Agents Will Depend Upon The Special Indications ...
Gleet
Gleet. In Very Chronic Cases Of Gonorrhoea The Ordinary Internal Antigonor Rhceal Remedies Are Worthless; The Condition Is Liable To Become Intract Able, The Patient Becoming Hypochondriacal Or Neurasthenic. His Physical Condition Should He Improved In Every Way Possible, And Complications Such As Constipation, Anxmia, Dyspepsia And Oxaluria Should Be ...
Glenards Disease
Glenard's Disease. This Condition Is Also Known As " Splanchnoptosis," " Enteroptosis," And " Visceroptosis." When Only One Organ Is Obviously Displaced, Such Terms As " Hepatoptosis," " Nephroptosis," Gastroptosis," Arc Employed, But The Term " Glenard's Disease " Should In Strictness Only Be Applied To The Condition In Which ...
Gonorrhoea
Gonorrhoea. Abortive Treatment Can Only Be Considered As Possible When The Patient Is Seen Within 48 Hours After The Appearance Of The First Symptoms Of The Disease--i.e., Within A Week After The Infective Coitus, Or Earlier. At This Stage There Is Slight Scalding Or Itching About The Meatus, And A ...
Gout
Gout. Prevention Is Important, Since The Tendency To Gout Is Known To Be Hereditary In A Large Proportion Of Cases; But Prophylactic Measures Are Often Postponed Till Too Late, Owing To The Association In The Lay Mind Of Gout With Advanced Age, So That No Precautions Are Taken Till After ...
Hair
Hair, Diseases Of. The Treatment Of The Various Diseases Affecting The Growth And Nutri Tion Of The Hair Follicles And Hair Shafts Will Be Found Under Their Respective Headings As Baldness, Dandriff, Tinea, Sycosis, Trichorrexis Nodosa, &c. Greyness Or Whiteness Of The Hair (vanities) Is In The Great Majority Of ...
Head Injtjries
Head Injtjries. As The Most Serious Results May Follow Injuries Of The Skull Or Brain Which At First Show No Signs Of Grave Significance, The Surgeon Will Be Wise In Considering Every Case As Potentially A Grave One Even When No External Mark Is Left By The Injury. It Is ...
Headache
Headache. The First Step Must Be To Find Out The Cause Of The Cephalalgia And Treat This Cause. If, As Is Usual, The Headache Be But A Symptom Of A Primary Disease As A Specific Fever, Kidney Affection, Meningitis, Migraine, &c., The Treatment Of The Headache Will Be Found Detailed ...
Heart
Heart, Dilatation Of. This In The Majority Of Instances Is The Result Of Failing Compensation When Hypertrophy Has Been Gradually Giving Way To Increase In The Capacity Of The Chambers Of The Heart As Nutrition Fails. Its Treatment, Therefore, Is Identical With The Management Of The Last Stages Of Valvular ...
Heart
Heart, Fatty And Fibroid Degeneration Of. The Acute Form Of Fatty Degeneration Which Supervenes In Typhus Fever, Pneumonia, Diphtheria, Influenza, Acute Rheumatism, And Phos Phorus Poisoning As A Rule Calls For Little Special Treatment Save What Is Clearly Indicated For The Management Of The Primary Affection. The Degenerative Change Passes ...
Heart_2
Heart, Hypertrophy Of. The Intrinsic Hypertrophy Of The Heart Caused By Valvular Disease Or Adherent Pericardium Is A Natural Conservative Process, And Should Not Be Interfered With. When The Causes Which Lead To Cardiac Enlargement Are Extrinsic And Removable The Indications For Treatment Are Obvious. The Cause Should Be Removed ...
Hematemesis
Hematemesis. This Has Been Dealt With Under Gastric Ulcer; Only A Brief Résumé Is Necessary Here. Absolute Rest In The Horizontal Position, And Physiological Rest To The Stomach, As Far As Possible, Should He Maintained. Ice Sucked In The Mouth Or Swallowed In Small Pieces Should Be The Only Substance ...
Hematocele
Hematocele. The Treatment Of A Haemorrhage Into The Cavity Of The Tunica Vaginalis Testis Or Cord Consists In Rest In Bed, With The Patient Lying Upon His Back And A Small Board Placed Across The Upper Part Of The Thighs, So That The Swollen Organ May Rest Upon This As ...
Hematoma
Hematoma. 11,ematoma Of The Auricle Usually Resolves More Or Less Completely If Left To Itself, But Since The Effused Blood Is Bound Firmly Down By The Unyielding Perichondrium, Deformity Through Shrinkage Of The Cartilage. Is Liable To Ensue. If The Extravasation Is Small And Seen Early The Appli Cation Of ...
Hematuria
Hematuria. This Is But A Symptom Or Sign Common To Various Diseases Affecting The Genitourinary Tract Or To Certain General Blood Conditions, The Treat Ment Of Which Will Be Found Detailed Under Its Own Appropriate Heading. The First Step Before Any Treatment Can Be Thought Of Must Consist In A ...
Hemiplegia
Hemiplegia. The Treatment Is In Its First Stage That Of Apoplexy, Which Has Been Detailed Under Its Own Heading. The Management Of The Case After The Symptoms Of Shock Or Coma Have Passed Away Consists In A Judicious Remedying Of Such Complications As Constipation, Rentention Of Urine, Tendency To Bedsores, ...
Hemophilia
Hemophilia. Prepentive Treatment In This Congenital And Hereditary Disease Is Of Vital Importance. It Consists In The Avoidance Of Injuries, Wounds, Contusions, And Abrasions All Through Life. No Surgical Cutting Operation Must Be Attempted In A Subject Suffering Under This Condition. Even Vaccination Must Be Performed With Extreme Care, As ...
Hemoptysis
Hemoptysis. Absolute Rest In Bed Is Essential In All But Trivial Cases, And The Patient Should Lie Upon The Affected Side When This Is Already Known To The Physician By A Previous Examination. Lly This Plan Regurgitation Of The Blood Into The Bronchi Of The Sound Lung Is Prevented. The ...
Hemorrhage
Hemorrhage. The Treatment Of All Internal Hemorrhages May Be Carried Out On The Lines Laid Down In The Preceding Article On Ilainoptysis. When The Bleeding Is Due To Rupture Of A Vessel In The Stomach, The Agents Mentioned Under Iliematemesis Are Admissible; The Question Of Surgical Interference Is Discussed Under ...
Hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoids. The Treatment May Be Either Palliative Or Operative For Both External And Internal Piles. In Most Instances Palliative Measures Are Preferable Where The Presence Of The Haemorrhoids Is Causing Little Discomfort Or Loss Of Blood, And Often Such Treatment By Removing The Primary Cause Permits The Varicosity To Shrivel ...
Hemothorax
Hemothorax. In Medical Cases The Treatment Is Mainly Symptomatic, Since The Primary Cause Of The Bleeding Is Usually Beyond The Reach Of Surgery. The Patient Should Be Placed In Bed, And Have Ice Freely Applied To The Affected Side; Lie Should Lie Upon This Side Unless Where This Interferes With ...