Hernia
Hernia. With The Increasing Safety And Success Of Herniotomy, When The Patient Is Young And Strong, Operation Will Usually Be Chosen As The Best Course Of Getting Rid Of The Hernia And Such Appliances As May Be Necessary For Its Control, Though When A Hernia Is Reducible, A Carefully Planned ...
Herpes
Herpes. Herpes Labialis Seldom Requires Treatment; When The Irritation Is Severe The Vesicles May Be Fomented By Applying A Small Sponge Squeezed Out Of Hot Water; After Drying The Part It May Be Painted Over With Flexible Collodion. The Sores Which Follow Are Sometimes Very Slow In Healing When The ...
Hiccough
Hiccough Occurring In The Course Of Serious Diseases, As Renal Or Organic Stomach Affections, May Prove Fatal By Inducing Exhaustion, And It Must Be Met Promptly By Agents Directed Against The Primary Cause. Thus The Hiccough Arising In The Uratnic State Should Be Treated By Eliminatory Measures, As Brisk Saline ...
Hip Joint Disease
Hip-joint Disease. The Great Majority Of The Eases Coming Under The Care Of The Surgeon Are Of Tuberculous Origin, And The Most Important Point In Their Treat Ment Is The Promptitude With Which Rest Can Be Secured For The Articular Surfaces. A Great Change Has Been Witnessed In The Treatment ...
Hydatid Disease
Hydatid Disease. Prophylaxis Is Of Vital Importance; The Hydatid Cyst Is The Result Of The Introduction Into The Human Alimentary Canal Of The Eggs Of The T Ania Small Tapeworm Infesting The Dog, Sheep And Wolf. The Human Hydatid Is The Bladder Stage Of This Parasite's Existence. The Eggs Find ...
Hydrocele
Hydrocele. This May Be Safely Left Alone Till It Assumes Dimensions Which Cause Inconvenience. Temporary Relief May Be Obtained By Tapping, Though Except In The Child The Fluid Is Bound To Accumulate Again. The Patient Should Be Seated In A Chair With The Buttocks Brought Forward To The Edge; The ...
Hydrocephalus
Hydrocephalus, Chronic. If The Accumulation Of Fluid Is Confined To The Ventricles (internal Hydrocephalus), An Attempt Should He Made To Permanently Drain Them, But When The Fluid Is Located In The Subarachnoid And Subdural Space (external Hydrocephalus), The Drainage Of The Ventricles Is Unnecessary Or Futile. To Differentiate Between The ...
Hydronephrosis
Hydronephrosis. The Treatment Of An Accumulation Of Fluid In The Dilated Pelvis Of The Kidney Consists In The Early Removal Of The Cause. Thus In Glenard's Disease Or Where The Floating Condition Of The Kidney Exists The Hydro Nephrosis Is At First Intermittent, Disappearing As Soon As The Normal Position ...
Hydrophobia
Hydrophobia. The Success Of Preventive Treatment Had Of Late Years Been Conclusively Demonstrated By The Immunity Enjoyed By Great Britain And Ireland Through The Muzzling Regulations, And A Similar Result Has Been Achieved In Other Regions By Rigid Quarantine Regulations. Only A Comparatively Small Proportion Of Human Beings Bitten By ...
Hyperpyrexia
Hyperpyrexia. The Treatment Of Hyperpyrexia Will Be Found Detailed Under The Head Ing Of Each Primary Disease In Which The High Temperature Occurs (acute Rheumatism, Sunstroke, Typhoid Fever And Malaria), But A Brief Summary Of The Usual Methods May Be Here Enumerated For Convenient Reference. The New Antipyretics—antipyrine, Antifebrin, Phenacetin ...
Hypochondriasis
Hypochondriasis. Accepting Gower's Definition Of Hypochondriasis As A Morbid State Of The Nervous System In Which There Is Mental Depression Due To Erroneous Ideas Of Such Bodily Ailments As Might Conceivably Be Present, The Line May Be Drawn Between It And Insanity With Somatic Delusions, Though The Tendency Of Most ...
Hypospadias
Hypospadias. Where The Deficiency In The Floor Of The Urethra Is Confined To That Part Of It Which Traverses The Glans, The Case Will Require No Interference Unless There Should Be A Constriction Or Stricture At The Outlet Of The Passage Which May Require Dilatation Or Incision And Muco-cutaneous Suture. ...
Hysteria
Hysteria. The Prophylaxis Of Hysteria Is An Important Problem, The Solution Of Which Becomes Imperative When The Mother Of Neurotic Children Is Deeply Tainted Herself With The Neurosis. As It Is Usually Impossible To Prevent The Patient Speaking Of Her Ailment In The Presence Of Her Children Or Of Dealing ...
I Ante Partum
I. Ante-partum —excluding As Of No Moment The Slight Loss Which May Occur During The First Stage From Laceration Of The Cervix, We Have To Deal In This Section With Hemorrhage Arising From A Single Cause—the Premature Separation Of A Normally Situated Placenta. To This Form Of Bleeding The Name ...
Ichthyosis
Ichthyosis. Local Treatment Is Of Chief Importance In This Congenital And Often Hereditary Skin Condition, Though Pringle Has Reported Good Results From Thyroid Feeding, And Jackson States That He Has Cured It By Irriga Tion Of The Colon, And Others Affirm That Pilocarpine Hypodermically Is Always Of Use. Cod-liver Oil ...
Impetigo
Impetigo. Under Such Names As Porrigo, &myrna, And Impetigo Contagiosa, This Cutaneous Coccic Infection Is Recognised As Identical With The So-called Football Impetigo And Other Epidemic Types Of Impetigo. Adamson Has Shown That The Streptococcus Produces Clear Blisters Or Vesicles, Whilst The Staphylococcus Causes A Pustular Eruption, But Generally The ...
Impotence
Impotence. Mechanical Impediments To The Sexual Act Should Be Met By Appropriate Surgical Measures. Functional Causes Supply The Majority Of The Cases Seeking Advice, And Many Of These Are In Recently Married Individuals To Whom Much Mischief May Be Done By The Administration Of Drugs. The Situation Arises From Ignorance ...
Influenza
Influenza. Preventive Treatment In The Presence Of A Great Pandemic Is Imprac Ticable; All The Individuals In The Affected Zone Being Apparently En Veloped In An Ocean Of The Germs, Ordinary Isolation Measures Are Useless. In Sporadic Cases This Is Different, And The Aged, The Feeble And The Dis Eased ...
Ingrowing Toe Nail
Ingrowing Toe-nail. The Cause Of This Condition Should Be Avoided; It Consists In The Habit Of Paring The Nail Squarely So As To Leave A Sharp Angle Under The Skin Edge, Which Is Forced Into The Skin By The Pressure Of A Tight Boot With A Narrow, Tapering Or Schooner-shaped ...
Injuries Of Spinal Column
Injuries Of Spinal Column. Gunshot Wounds, Fractures And Dislocations Of The Spinal Segments Or Fracture-dislocations Must He Treated On General Surgical Principles. Where No Paralysis Exists The Union Of The Fragments May Be Effected By Absolute Rest In The Horizontal Position On A Firm Mattress (with Suitable Extension Appliances In ...
Insanity
Insanity The Increase Of Insanity During Late Years Has Directed Much Attention To Preventive Measures. Obviously The Most Important Of These Should Consist In The Prevention Of The Marriage Of All Individuals Possessing A Marked Family History Of Any Degenerative Psychosis, Since In A Large Proportion Of Cases The Malady ...
Insomnia
Insomnia. The Different Types Of Insomnia Are Difficult To Classify. Secondary Of Symptomatic And Primary Insomnia Are Accepted As Embracing All Cases Of Sleeplessness. The Primary Division Includes The Insomnia Due To Psychic Causes Such As Mental Excitement, Grief, Worry, Brain Fag And That To Be Met With In The ...
Internal Ear Disease
Internal Ear Disease. Inflammation Of The Labyrinth May He The Result Of Pyogenic Infection From Middle Ear Disease, In Which Case A Radical Operation Upon The Lines Before Mentioned Must He Promptly Undertaken And The Labyrinth Drained Through The Vestibule After All Necrosed Tissue Has Been Removed. Where The Disease ...
Intestinal Obstruction
Intestinal Obstruction. Cases Of Obstruction Of The Bowel Are Usually Grouped Into The Acute And Chronic Forms, But A Large Percentage Of Acute Cases Occur In Patients Who Have Been Suffering From Some Chronic Obstructive Lesion Which Suddenly Causes Complete Blocking Of The Intestinal Canal. In Acute Obstruction, Before Any ...
Iritis
Iritis. The Most Important Element In Treatment Of Acute Primary Iritis Consists In The Instillation Of Atropine Solution (i In Too). The Patient May Be Ordered To Bed In'a Darkened Room And A Smart Saline Purgative Should Be Administered, But When The Symptoms Are Not Very Acute He May Avoid ...
Jaundice
Jaundice. The Treatment Of This Sign Or Symptom Is Discussed Under Gall-bladder, Gall-stones, Liver Diseases, &c. All Forms Of Jaundice Are Obstructive, Whether Caused By A Gross Blocking Of The Main Duct As In Catarrhal And Gall-stone Eases Or In The More Obscure Cases As Weil's Disease And Ideras Grapi.s, ...
Joint Disease
Joint Disease. The Term Is A Wide One, And Embraces A Number Of Affections Whose Treatment Will He Found Under The Head Of The Primary Affection As Rheumatism, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Gout, Actinomycosis, Locomotor Ataxia, Pymia, &c. When The Inflammatory Process Is Confined To The Synovial Membrane The Term " Svnovitis ...
Kelold
Kelold. This Term Is Usually Applied To The Hypertrophic Changes Which Occur In Scar Tissue, And The " True Keloid Found In The Skin Without Any Evidence Of Previous Wound Is Believed To Be Due To The Same Unknown Causes Operating Upon Minute Abrasions. Since Most Of The Keloid Growths ...
Knee Joint Disease
Knee-joint Disease. The Treatment Of Simple Inflammatory Affection Of The Synovial Mem Brane Of The Knee Is Dealt With Under Synovitis. Arthritis Of Septic Nature, When Involving The Joint, Is Treated As Described In The Article On Joint Disease By Immobilising The Limb, By Inducing Hyperaemia, And When Extensive Suppuration ...
Labour
Labour. The Practitioner Should Never Forget That Nine Out Of Every Ten Women In Labour Would Deliver Themselves Safely If Left Alone, And That An Atten Dant Who Is Unable Or Unwilling To Approach The Birth Canal With Surgically Clean Hands Merely Adds A Considerable Element Of Danger To These ...
Lachrymal Gland Disease
Lachrymal Gland Disease. This Rare Affection, When Not Due To Malignant Disease Or Syphilis, Is Caused By The Admission Of Septic Organisms Which May Cause Acute Suppuration Of The Gland Requiring A Free Incision For The Evacuation Of Pus. The Indications For Treatment Are Local Applications For The Relief Of ...
Laryngismus Stridulus
Laryngismus Stridulus. The Primary Cause—rickets, Infantile Convulsions, Status Lymphaticus, Tetany, &c.—should Be Treated Between The Intermittent Attacks Of Spasm Of The Glottis. The Best Thing To Do Is To Dash A Little Cold Water Against The Face And Chest, Or To Apply A Hot Fomentation To The Neck And Draw ...
Laryngitis
Laryngitis. Acute Catarrhal Laryngitis Demands As Absolute Rest As Possible For The Larynx. The Patient After A Brisk Saline Or Mercurial Purge Should Be Put To Bed In A Warm Room (65°f.), The Air Of Which Is Kept Moist By The Vapour Of Hot Water From A Bronchitis Kettle Or ...
Leprosy
Leprosy. It Cannot Be Stated That Any Known Drug Possesses A Specific Action On The Malady; Much Can Be Done To Stay Its Progress And Make T Lie Life Of The Leper Tolerable. In A Few Cases Complete Resolution Has Been Known To Occur, But The Cure Has Probably Been ...
Leucorrhcea
Leucorrhcea. The Term " Leucorrheea," Or " Whites," Is Often Applied Indiscriminately To Every Form Of Vaginal Discharge Not Sanguineous In Character. A Little Observation Shows That These Discharges Fall Naturally Into The Following Groups, Differing Markedly In Etiology And Treatment: R. A True Leucorrlicea, Or White Discharge, Varying In ...
Lichen
Lichen. Lichen Urticalus Being A Variety Of Urticaria, Its Treatment Will Be That Of The Primary Type Of Disease. L. Simplex Being But The Papuhir Stage Of Impetigo Or Eczema, And L. Circuhnscri Plus, L. Circinatus, Or L. Serpiginosus Being A Variety Of Seborrhoea, These Conditions Yield To The Remedies ...
Liver
Liver, Abscess Of. Multiple Or Pymic Hepatic Abscesses Are Always Fatal. Tropical Or Simple Abscess Of The Liver Is Seen In This Country Amongst Returned Anglo-indians, And Is Regarded As A Sequela Of Dysentery, Though Sir Havelock Charles Has Proved That The Suppuration Is Very Often Independent Of Dysenteric Infection. ...
Liver
Liver, Cirrhosis Of. A History Of Spirit-drinking Is Obtainable In Nearly All Cases, And If The Disease Is Detected In The Preliminary Stage Of Enlargement A Confident Hope May Be Expressed That Permanent Cure Will Follow Upon The Removal Of The Exciting Cause. Change Of Occupation Is Necessary In Dealing ...
Liver_2
Liver, Congestion Or Inflammation Of. The Treatment Of The Passive Congestion Caused By Valvular Disease Will He Found Mentioned Under Heart Disease. Active Hepatic Congestion Is Usually The Result Of Indiscretion In Eating, The Error Being Most Frequently The Indulgence In Too Much Highly Seasoned Food, Over-spiced Curries, Along With ...
Liver_3
Liver, Injuries And Rupture Of. The Shock And Collapse Should Be Met By Absolute Rest In The Horizontal Position, And It Is Wise To Abstain From Morphia Till The Diagnosis Of A Rupture Or Laceration Of The Liver Can Be Made Certain Where There Has Been No Penetrating Wound. As ...
Locomotor Ataxia
Locomotor Ataxia. The Demonstration Of Active Spirochceta Pallida In The Central Nervous System In Parasyphilitic Cases Has Opened Up A Field For The Activity Of Physicians Where Formerly All Such Cases Were Regarded As Hopeless. The Trypanosomes Entrench Themselves In The Cerebrospinal Fluid, Where They Cannot Be Reached By Specific ...
Lumbago
Lumbago. Rest In Bed Between Blankets Should Be At Once Insisted Upon: Dry Warmth When Applied Immediately May Abort The Attack. The Best Form For The Application Of Heat Is The India-rubber Bag Only Partially Filled With As Hot Water As Can Be Borne And Laid Across The Back. This ...
Lung
Lung, Abscess Of. The Management Of The Case Should Be That Suitable For Pulmonary Phthisis Or Lung Gangrene, As Improved Feeding, Open-air Life, &c., And The Administration Of Volatile Antiseptics By The Stomach And By Inhalation In Order To Diminish The Tendency Towards Secondary Septic Infection From Germs In The ...
Lung_2
Lung, Gangrene Of. The Treatment Is Identical Almost With That Of Bronchiectasis Detailed Upon P. Io3. Thus Whilst Every Means Is Being Employed To Keep Up The Patient's Strength And To Improve The State Of His Nutrition, Measures Should Be Taken To Diminish, As Far As Possible, The Decomposition Of ...
Lupus Erythematosus
Lupus Erythematosus. The Treatment Of This Affection Is Most Tedious And Unsatisfactory, And Must Remain So As Long As Its Pathology Is Unsolved. Oral And Intestinal Sepsis Have Been Suspected. Any Departure From The Healthy Standard Is To Be Carefully Remedied And Every Means Utilised Whereby The General Nutrition Of ...
Lupus Vulgaris
Lupus Vulgaris. Constitutional Treatment Is Indicated, As The Disease In All Its Types Is Due To The Presence Of The Tubercle Bacillus In The Cells Of The Skin. This Should Proceed Upon The Lines Indicated In Phthisis—as Overfeeding, Cod-liver Oil, Open-air Life And Improved Hygiene. Vaccine Treatment Is Useful, Though ...
Lymphadenitis
Lymphadenitis. Acute And Subacute Lymphadenitis Being Almost Always Due To The Intro Duction Of Septic Organisms Through A Wound Or Abrasion, The Cocci Finding Their Way Along The Lymph Stream Till Blocked By The Nearest Glands, The First Indication For Treatment Will Be Found In The Disinfection Of The Wound ...
Lymphadenoma
Lymphadenoma. This Peculiar Enlargement Of The Lymphatic Glands Is Also Known Under A Variety Of Names, As Llodgkin's Disease, Lymphatic Anaemia, Lymphadenia, &c. There Is Still Considerable Reservation In Accepting The Bacillus Discovered By Fraenkel And Much As The Casual Agent; And That It Is Not Is Probable From The ...
Malaria
Malaria. Prophylaxis.—the Most Important And Efficient Of All Methods Of Stamp Ing Out The Disease Consists In The Destruction Of The Stagnant Pools Of The Swamps Which Form The Breeding-ground Of The Mosquito. Improved Drainage, By Levelling And Planting The Soil With Trees In The Neighbourhood Of Dwellings And The ...
Malignant Pustule And Woolsorters
Malignant Pustule And Woolsorter's Disease. The First Name Is A Synonym For Charbon, Or Cutaneous Anthrax, Whilst Woolsorter's Disease Is The Title Given To The Pulmonary Type Of Anthrax. The Treatment Of The Pustule Should Be Prompt And Radical; Excision, Cutting Wide Of The Infected Tissue, Is Advisable, After Which ...
Malignant Pustule And Woolsorters_2
Malignant Pustule And Woolsorter's Disease. The First Name Is A Synonym For Charbon, Or Cutaneous Anthrax, Whilst Woolsorter's Disease Is The Title Given To The Pulmonary Type Of Anthrax. The Treatment Of The Pustule Should Be Prompt And Radical; Excision, Cutting Wide Of The Infected Tissue, Is Advisable, After Which ...
Malignant Stenos1s Of The
Malignant Stenos1s Of The Pylorus Causing Gastric Dilatation Should Be Treated In The Main Upon The Above Lines. After Abdominal Section, If The Malignant Growth Is Limited In Extent, Pylorectomy May Be Found A Practicable Operation, And The Pylorus And The Neighbouring Region Of The Stomach Should Be Removed. Where ...
Mammary Gland
Mammary Gland, Inflammation Of. Acute Inflammation Of The Mammary Gland May Be Regarded Practically As A Disease Of Nursing Women, And In Nearly Every Case Its Cause Will Be Found To Be Infection Through A Cracked Nipple. The Wise Practitioner Will Therefore Make It His Business To See That Any ...
Mania
Mania. The Treatment Of The Different Forms Of Mental Disease, As Mentioned Under Insanity, Can Only He Carried Out In Special Institutions Possessing The Numerous Requirements Which Are Now Considered Necessary For The Successful Management Of The Insane. This Remark Applies Also To Ordinary Acute Mania, But It Will Be ...
Marasmus
Marasmus. This Condition Must Be Regarded As A Symptom And Not As A Disease. Only The Infantile Form Need Be Considered. The Primary Cause Of The Error In Nutrition Should Be Carefully Sought For Before Treatment Upon Rational Grounds Can Be Commenced; Thus The Malnutrition Or Marasmus Accompanying Congenital Syphilis ...
Mastoid Cells
Mastoid Cells, Suppuration Of—see Ear, Diseases Of. Masturbation. The Physician's Advice Is Often Sought For By Parents Who Have Detected Their Children In The Act Of Practising This Degrading Habit. A Careful Examination Of The Genitals Should Be Made, And Any Source Of Irritation Removed If Possible. Thus An Adherent ...
Measles
Measles. The General Hygiene, Nursing And Feeding Are Practically Identical With Those Indicated In, The Management Of The Other Exanthematous Fevers— Scarlatina, Rotheln, Typhoid, Typhus And Variola. Prophylaxis Is Of Vital Importance; The Infectiousness Of The Disease Is Intense Before The Rash Appears, Hence The Importance Of The Recognition Of ...
Melena
Melena. The First Step Is To Find Out The Cause Of The Bleeding And To Remove This When Possible. Under Himatemesis The Agents Indicated In Bleeding From The Stomach Are Enumerated. The Melxna Of Duodenal Ulcer Is A Clear Indication For Surgical Proce Dures, And Very Copious And Repeated Gastric ...
Meningitis
Meningitis, Acute Cerebral, Of Childhood. Confining This Title To The Simple Non-suppurative Inflammation Of The Pia-arachnoid Involving Chiefly The Base Of The Brain, Which Is Synonymous With Posterior Basic Occlusive Meningitis, The Treatment Indicated Is That Common To All Forms Of Cerebral Leptomeningitis. Absolute Rest In A Cool, Darkened And ...
Meningitis_2
Meningitis, (epidemic). Light Has Been Thrown On The Spread Of This Epidemic Disease By A Culture Of The Coccus From Swabs Taken From Persons Lately In Contact With A Victim; These Carriers, Though In Good Health, Nevertheless Harbour The Germ Of The Disease In Their Naso-pharynx; These Carriers May Also ...
Meningitis_3
Meningitis, Cerebral (purulent). The Treatment Is In The First Place That Of The Primary Condition Causing It. Wounds Of The Scalp, Injuries And Disease Of The Cranial Bones, Ery Sipelas Of The Face And Scalp, Admit Of Easy Access Of The Pus-forming Organisms Through The Veins Of The Diploe. General ...
Meningitis_4
Meningitis, Cerebral (syphilitic). This Is A Chronic Ailment Affecting The Membranes Usually At The Base Of The Brain, And Since It Forms The Chief Feature In The Clinical Picture Recognised As Syphilis Of The Brain The Term Is Usually Accepted As A Synonym For Brain Syphilis. The Treatment Will Depend ...
Meningitis_5
Meningitis, Cerebral (tuberculous). Prophylaxis.—there Cannot Be A Doubt That Primary Cases Of Tuberculous Meningitis Often Arise In Children Fed Upon The Milk Of Infected Cows, But This Source Of Infection Is More Likely To Operate At A Later Date Through Infection From The Mesenteric Glands. The Fine Meshwork Of These ...
Meningitis_6
Meningitis, Spinal. This Is Rarely Met With As A Primary Affection, Being Generally An Ex Tension Along The Spinal Membranes Of The Mischief Due To The Tubercle Bacillus, To The Diplococcus Intracellularis Or To The Pyogenic Organisms Causing A Septic Cerebral Meningitis. Occasionally It May Be The Result Of The ...
Menorrhagia
Menorrhagia. An Increased Loss At The Menstrual Epoch May Take The Form Either Of A Prolongation Of The Normal Period Of Ltmorrhage, A More Profuse Discharge While The Period Lasts, A Shortening Of The Normal Interval Or Of A Combination Of These. In The Worst Cases The Normal Periodicity Is ...