Pemphigus
Pemphigus. Pemphigns Neonatorum Is Now Regarded As Being Of The Same Nature As Impetigo Contagiosa, An Infection Commencing Possibly As A Streptococcic Invasion, Hut Which Rapidly Passes Into The Staphylococci('; Doubts Are Held Ahout Pemphigus Vegetems Beirig A True Pemphigus. Pemphigns L'ulgaris.— The Treatment Of This Affection, In Which Bulke ...
Perforating Ulcer Of The
Perforating Ulcer Of The Foot. The Primary Disease, Which Is Usually Either Locomotor Ataxia, Spina Bifida,peripheral Neuritis, Diabetes Or Leprosy, Should Receive Due Attention. Mild Cases May Be Made To Heal Completely By A Persevering Use Of The Continuous Or Galvanic Current; This Is Best Applied By Dropping One Electrode ...
Perforation Of Duodenal
Perforation Of Duodenal Ulcer.—this Must Be Met By Immediate Operation, And The Technique Follows Closely That Described For The Treat Ment Of A Perforated Gastric Ulcer. The Question Of The Necessity Of Performing A Gastro-enterostomy Is Practically Settled By Recent Experience, As After The Suturing Of The Margins Of The ...
Pericardial Effusion
Pericardial Effusion. The Treatment Of In Ordinary Cases Is That Of The Primary Disease Causing The Dropsy. Thus, In Bright's Disease Diaphore Tics, Saline Purgatives And, To A Lesser Extent, Diuretics Will Be Indicated. Large Or Simple Effusions Are The Result Of Inflammatory Action In Acute Rheumatism Or In The ...
Pericarditis
Pericarditis. Inflammation Of The Pericardial Sac Is Usually Associated With Endo Carditis, And Is Only A Part Of A General Rheumatic Carditis, The Special Treatment Of Which Is Detailed In The Article On Endocarditis. This May Be Here Briefly Summarised For Convenience : Absolute Rest In Bed In The Horizontal ...
Perineum
Perineum, Rupture Of. Lacerations Of The Perineum At Childbirth Should Be Immediately Sutured; This May Be Done While Waiting For The Placenta To He Expelled From The Uterus. When The Rupture Is An Incomplete One—i.e., Not Extend Ing Through The Sphincter Ani—the Torn Surfaces Should Be Carefully Sponged Clear Of ...
Periostitis
Periostitis. Under Osteomyelitis Is Detailed The Treatment Of Acute Septic Inflam Mation Of Bone Of Which Periostitis Is Always A Part, So That The Affection Is Known Sometimes Under The Names Of " Acute Infective Periostitis " Or " Acute Necrosis," Though Probably The Causal Organism (staphylococcus (wrens) First Starts ...
Peritonitis
Peritonitis. Acute Diffuse Inflammation Of The Peritoneum Is Seen In Its Most Typical Form After Perforation Of Some Portion Of Its Gastrointestinal Tract, And Must Be Treated On The Basis Of Its Being A Septic Process. Even When A Perforation Does Not Exist The Infective Nature Of The Inflammation Must ...
Perspiration
Perspiration, Excessive. This Usually Will Be Found To He Secondary To Some Primary Affection Which Requires Treatment, As Plithisis Or Other Form Of Tuberculosis, Pyzemia, Septicemia, Chronic Alcoholism, Influenza, Obesity, Acute Rheumatism, Ague, &c. The Various Drugs Found Suitable For The Control Of The Profuse Perspiration, Often So Distressing A ...
Pharyngitis
Pharyngitis, Acute. Acute Catarrhal Sore Throat Is Probably Always A Mixed Microbic Disorder. Local Treatment Is In The Majority Of Cases Only Required. Though The Constitutional Symptoms May In Severe Cases Require The Administration Of Antipyrine, Aspirin Or Salicylates. And The Grave Septic Or Phlegmonous Forms Of The Disease Will ...
Pharyngitis
Pharyngitis, Chronic. The Treatment In The First Instance Will Consist In The Removal Of The Primary Cause. Gouty, Rheumatic, Constipative And Dyspeptic Conditions Should He Met By The Remedies Indicated In Each Case. Alcohol, And To Bacco Especially In The Form Of Cigarette Smoking, Should Be Prohibited, And An Open-air ...
Phimosis
Phimosis. When The Orifice Of The Prepuce Is Very Narrow Or The Prepuce Itself Is Very Long, And When From The Accumulation Of Secretion Attacks Of Balanitis Occur, The Phimosis Must Be Dealt With By Surgical Means. The Irritation Of A Long Foreskin May Lead To The Establishment Of Masturbation. ...
Phlebitis
Phlebitis. Rest Of The Affected Limb As The Patient Lies In Bed Is Essential. Where The Veins Of The Leg Are Involved, The Entire Limb From The Toes To The Trunk Should Be Kept In A State Of Repose By Sand-bags Or, If Necessary, By Splints. The Limb Should Be ...
Phlegmasia Alba Dolens
Phlegmasia Alba Dolens. This Should Be Regarded As A Septic Phlebitis With Plugging Of The Femoral Vein, Which Must He On The Principles Mentioned In The Preceding Article. It Is Usually Met With As A Complication Of The Puerperal State. And The General Condition Of The Lying-in Patient Should Receive ...
Phosphaturia
Phosphaturia. This Term Should Be Reserved For Those Serious Cases Sometimes Called Phosphatic Diabetes, Where The Daily Elimination Of Phosphate Is Much In Excess Of The Normal (2o To So Grs.), And Where The Calcium Greatly Exceeds The Potassium And Sodium Phosphates. The Mere Presence Of Insoluble Earthy Or Other ...
Phtfilsis
Phtfilsis. One-seventh Of All The Deaths Throughout The World Is Due To Tuberculosis, And In 13 Out Of Every 14 Of These The Lungs Are Affected. It Is At Once Obvious That The Prevention And Treatment Of Tuberculosis Of The Pulmonary Organs Become The Most Important Problem In Practical Medicine. ...
Placenta Previa
Placenta Previa. The Practitioner Should Never Forget, In Deciding What Is To Be The Treatment In A Given Case—first, That A Woman With Placenta Prxvia Is In Danger As Long As She Is Undelivered; Secondly, That The Best Results Are Got By Totally Disregarding The Interests Of The Child; Thirdly, ...
Plague
Plague. Prevention Is Of Vital Importance. The Flea Is The Medium By Which The Disease Is Conveyed To Man From Infected Rats. Hence The Importance Of Exterminating These Rodents By Trapping, By Poisoning, By Cats, By Asphyxiation With Sulphur And Other Methods. Of All The Means Of Em Ploying Poison ...
Pleuritis
Pleuritis, Acute Fibrino-serous. The Patient Should Be At Once Placed In Bed On A Hair Mattress In A Well-ventilated Room. The First Indication For Treatment In All Cases Is The Relief Of Pain. When This Is Severe There Is Nothing So Reliable As A Dose Of Morphia Hypodermically, But In ...
Pleurodynia
Pleurodynia. The Treatment Of This Affection Must Be Carried Out On The Lines Indicated In Chronic Muscular Rheumatism. The Relief Of Pain Is The Chief Indication, But Obviously In A Condition Liable To Chronicity, Opiates Are Not To He Employed At All, Or Only To Be Reserved For The Relief ...
Plumbism
Plumbism. Acute Poisoning By The Soluble Salts Of Lead Will Be Referred To Under Poisoning. Chronic Poisoning By Lead Is Known As Plumbism Or Saturnism, Occurring In Painters, Plumbers, Glaziers, And Pottery Operatives, And Sometimes Amongst The General Community Through Contamination Of The Water Supplied By Leaden Conduit Pipes. Prophylaxis.—the ...
Pneumonia
Pneumonia (broncho-pneumonia). This Affection, Most Frequently Seen In Children, Is Known By A Variety Of Titles As Catarrhal Pneumonia, Lobular Pneumonia, Vesicular Pneu Monia, &c. From The Pathological Standpoint It Is Really Capillary Bronchitis, And Its Treatment Is To Be Carried Out On The Lines Detailed In The Article On ...
Pneumonia
Pneumonia. The Patient Should Be Put To Bed At The Earliest Moment In A Large And Thoroughly Ventilated Room. A Real Advance In The Treatment Of The Disease (hiring Late Years Has Been The Wider Acceptance Of The Necessity Of A Supply Of Pure Air, As The Danger Of Draughts ...
Pneumonia_2
Pneumonia, Chronic. In The Majority Of Cases This Is But A Type Of Fibroid Phthisis, Though Some Examples May Be Seen Where The Affection Arises From A Prolongation Of An Attack Of Catarrhal Or Hroncho-pneumonia, Or Even In Rare Cases The Cirrhosis May Directly Supervene Upon An Attack Of True ...
Pneumonokoniosis
Pneumonokoniosis. This Unwieldy Title Is Given To The Chronic Pneumonic Process Induced By The Inhalation Of Air Laden With Particles Of Dust Of Various Kinds, And Therefore Includes The Anthracosis Of Coal-miners, The Siderosis Of Metal Grinders, And The Clzalicosis Or Silicosis Of Stone-cutters. Anthracosis With Its Black Expectoration Seldom ...
Pneumothorax
Pneumothorax. In The Majority Of Cases Of This Condition There Should Be Little Done To Interfere With The Natural Process Of Resolution, As The Opening In The Pulmonary Pleura Tends Spontaneously To Close And The Air To Be Absorbed. When Pneumothorax Occurs In Apparently Healthy Individuals, Usually After Some Severe ...
Poisoning
Poisoning After The Accidental Swallowing Of Any Strong Poison Life May Some Times Be Saved By The Patient Immediately Drinking A Great Draught Of Water Or Milk To Dilute The Poison And Retard Its Absorption, Whilst Measures Are Being Taken For Evacuating The Contents Of The Stomach. At The Earliest ...
Polypus
Polypus. Polypi May Be Removed By Various Means According To The Situation Of The Growth And The Presence Or Absence Of A Pedicle. Nasal Mucous Polypi May Be Removed After Painting The Region About Their Bases With Cocaine Solution. The Cold Wire Snare May Be Gently Coaxed Round The Pedicle, ...
Preparation For
Preparation For Operation.—the Practitioner Should Make It His Business To See That A Suitable Room Is Prepared For The Operation If Possible. Where There Is A Choice The Room Should Be Large And Airy; There Should Be A Good Light, North By Preference; If The Operation Is To Be Done ...
Proctitis
Proctitis. The Cause Of The Inflammation Of The Rectum Is Most Frequently Found To Be An Extension Of The Dysenteric Process From The Colon, And In The Cases Of Females It Is Often Of Gonorrhoea] Origin. The First Step In The Treatment Is To Remove When Possible Theexciting Cause, And ...
Prostatic Enlargement
Prostatic Enlargement. In The Early Stages Of Enlargement Of The Prostate There Is No Procedure Of So Much Importance As The Effectual Emptying Of The Bladder By Natural Means. The Patient Should Be Instructed To Carefully Expel Every Drop Of Urine Without Making Violent Expulsive Efforts, And Often After The ...
Prostatitis
Prostatitis. Acute Inflammation Of The Prostate Gland Is Generally The Result Of Gonorrhoeal Infection Or Of Traumatic Causes, As After Catheterisation. It Is Not Rare As A Sequel To Prolonged Sexual Excesses, Especially When The Congestion Of The Prostate Has Been Fanned Into Activity By Jolting Exer Cises As Horse ...
Prurigo
Prurigo. Much Confusion Still Exists Regarding The Recognition And Nomenclature Of This Affection, Which, According To Crocker And Comb\-, Starts As A Lichen Urticatus Or A Papulose Urticaria, But Afterwards As The Wheals Disappear Nothing Is Left But An Intense Pruritus Accompanied By A Papular Eruption. The Severe Form Of ...
Pruritus
Pruritus. Accepting The Term " Pruritus " As A Sensation Of Continual Itching, Without The Presence Of The Papules Characteristic Of Prurigo Or Of Any Other Visible Cause, The First Step In Its Treatment Will Be To Remove Any Blood Condition Which May Be Irritating The Peripheries Of The Cutaneous ...
Psoas Abscess
Psoas Abscess. This May Be Regarded As Practically Always Of Tuberculous Origin, The Disease Starting In The Vertebral Column. The Treatment Of The Resulting Abscess Has Been Already Described In The Article On Caries Of The Spine And The General Principles Have Been Discussed Under Abscess. For Conveni Ence Of ...
Psoriasis
Psoriasis. Of The Two Methods Of Treating This Obstinate Affection—the Constitu Tional And The Local—the Whole Trend Of Opinion Is Towards The Recognition Of The Importance Of The Latter. Though No Investigator Has Succeeded In Isolating A Specific Microbe, The Belief In The Existence Of Such Is Becoming General. However, ...
Ptyalism
Ptyalism. Salivation In Adults Is Generally Due To The Administration Of Mercury, Iodides Or Pilocarpine. In Children The Various Forms Of Stomatitis Are The Common Causes. In All Cases Ptyalism Or Salivation Should Be Regarded Solely As A Symptom, And The Primary Cause Searched For And Removed, After Which As ...
Puerperal Convulsions
Puerperal Convulsions: The Treatment Of Eelampsia Or Puerperal Convulsions Should Whenever Possible Be Begun In The Pre-eclamptic Stage, And Should Be Directed To The Prevention Of This Very Dangerous Complication Of Midwifery. It Is Seldom That The Fits Come On Without Warning In A Patient Who Has Been Previously In ...
Puerperal Fever
Puerperal Fever. Propky/axis.—the Obstetrician Should Realise That In Every Case Of Normal Labour An Attendant Who Does Not Understand Or Will Not Trouble To Carry Out The Principles Of Antiseptic Midwifery Is A Further Element Of Danger Added To The Ordinary Risks Of Childbirth. It May Not Be Out Of ...
Puerperal Mania
Puerperal Mania. As Many Cases Of Puerperal Mania Are Due To Sepsis, A Careful Search Should Be Made In Each Case For Such A Cause, And The Appropriate Treat Ment Instituted (see Under Puerperal Fever). As Regards The Mental Condition, There Is No Doubt That The Best Chance Of The ...
Purpura
Purpura. As Regards Treatment. The Best View To Accept At The Present Time Is That In The Confused Group Of Ailments Labelled " Purpura" Many Causal Factors Are Probably At Work Of Which The Purpuric Symptoms And Signs Are The Chief Manifestation, And Since These Factors Are In Most Instances ...
Pyelitis And Pyelonephritis
Pyelitis And Pyelonephritis. When Inflammation Of A Suppurative Type Is Confined To The Pelvis Of The Kidney Or The Calyces, The Term " Pyelitis " Is Applied, Hut More Frequently The Renal Parenchyma Is Involved, This Condition Being Recog Nised In The Term Pyelonephritis, And Often Both Conditions Exist Together. ...
Pyemia
Pyemia. Under The Popular And Misleading Name Of " Blood Poisoning " Several Septic Conditions Are Included, As Saprcemia,septiccemia, And Pyceima. The Treatment Of These Are Best Dealt With In A Single Article, Since The Minor Degree Of Septic Intoxication—saprxmia—may Easily Pass Into The More Serious Condition Recognised As Septicemia, ...
Pyonephrosis
Pyonephrosis. In This Condition There Is Added To The Infective Pyelitis And Pyelone Phritis An Obstruction Of The Ureter More Or Less Complete Which Prevents The Discharge Of The Pus Into The Bladder. Though Complete Obstruction Existed, The Purulent Contents Of The Sac Or Renal Tumour Have Been Known To ...
Pyorrhea Alveolaris
Pyorrhea Alveolaris. In All Advanced Cases It Is Useless To Attempt The Saving Of The Tooth, Which Should Be Extracted; This, Moreover, Will Give Freer Admittance Of Remedial Agents To The Neighbouring Sockets Which Are Beginning To Be Invaded By The Microbes. The Involved Tooth Must Be Stripped For Its ...