Abelard
Abelard, (or Abailard) Peter, Celebrated For His Learning And Misfortunes, Flourished In The Twelfth Cchturv, Under The Reigns Of Louis Le Gros, And Louis Le Jenne. He Was Born In The Village Of Palais, In Brit Tany. He Gave Early Indications Of An Acute And Lively Genius, Which His Father, ...
Abercromby
Abercromby. Atr,x In D Abercromby,) Was The Youngest Son Of G•orge Nbercromby Of Tulli Body, And Was Burn In 1745. Destined, Probably On Account Of His Promising Talents. To The Bar, He Passed Through All The Various St:yes Of Education Prescribed For Our Scottish Lawyers. Butt His Mind Was Too ...
Abercromby
Abercromby, Sin Rainnt, K. B. Was The Son Of George Abercromby Of Tullibody, Esq. In The County Of Clackmannan. He Was Born In 1738, And Was Of Five Sons, All Of Whom Rose To Situations Of Eminence In Different Departments Of The Service Of The State. He Entered Into The ...
Aberdeen
Aberdeen, Capital Of The County To Which It Gives Name, And The Principal City In The North Of Scotland, Consists, In Reality, Of Two Distinct Towns, Called Old And New Aberdeen, Situated At The Distance Of About A Mile From Each Other, And Having Separate Privileges, Char Ters, And Magistrates. ...
Aberdeensiiire
Aberdeensiiire, A County In The North Of Scot Land, Bounded By The German Ocean On The East ; By The Counties Of Kincardine, Angus, And Perth, On The South; And By The Counties Of I 11\ Erness, Moray, And Banff, On The West. It Contains 85 Parishes, 1170 Square Miles; ...
Aberration
Aberration, In Optics, Is Of Two Kinds ; ?lbtr Ration (of Colour, Or Refrangibility, Somethms Called Chromatic Aberration ; And .•berration Of .slthrricity, .syt /2 Erica/ Aberration. Wilco A Beam Of White Light Falls Upon A Spherical Lens, The Violet, Or Most Refrangible Rays, Cross The Axis At A Point ...
Aberration
Aberration, In Astronomy, Is A Change In The Position Of The Fixed Stars, Arising- From The Progres Sive Motion ()i Light, Combined With The Annual Motion Of The Earth, By Inuans Of W Hie H They Sometimes Ap Pear Twenty Seconds Distant From Their True Position. This Apparent Motion Of ...
Ablution
Ablution, A Religious Ceremony Practised In Ancient Times, And Still In Use Among The Mahommedans And Roman Catholics. It Consists In Washing Either The Whole Or Part Of The Body Before The Offering Up Of A Sacrifice, Or The Performance Of Any Religious 'duty, And Is Considered As A Purification ...
Abortion
Abortion, Is The Expulsion Of The Ft:ems, At A Peri Od Of Gestation So Early, That It Is Impossible For It To Survive. The Precise Age At Which A Child May Live In Dependent Of Its Uterine Appendages, Is Not Exactly De Termined ; But All Practitioners Agree, That, Before ...
Abraham Verner
\verner, Abraham Gorrues, A Celebrated Minerologist, Was Burn At \vehrau On The Queiss, In Upper Lusatia, On The 25th September 1750. His Father, Who Was Director Of A Forge, Gave Him Dif Ferent Minerals As Playthings, And Thus Accustomed Him In Early Life To Recognise Them By Their More Prominent ...
Abridgment
Abridgment, In Literature, The Re Duction Of A Work Into Less Than Its Original Compass ; Which Is An Art Of Infinitely Greater Utility Than We Arc Generally Disposed To Admit. It W As In The Fif,h Century That The Practice Of Abridging Came Into General Use. When The Taste ...
Abruzzo
Abruzzo, A Province Of Naples, Which Derives Its Name From The City Of Geramo, Anciently Called Abruz Zo. It Was The Sum/fium Of The Ancients, The Country Of The Samnites, Who Were Distinguished By Their Valour, Their Civilization, And The Wars Which They Waged With The Romans During Seventy Years. ...
Absence Of
Absence Of Minn, A Want Of Attention To External Objects That Are Present, While The Mind Is Engaged Ith Its Own Reflections. It Depends On The Power Of Association, Confirmed By Habits Of Abstruse And Solitary Thinking. It Is, Of Course, The Failing Of Literary Men; Of Those Who Are ...
Absorption
Absorption, In Chemistry, Is The Most Bodies Possess, Of Drawing Into Their Substance And Assimilating Others Of A Different Constitution. Thus Stones, Wood, And Animal Fibre, Arc Variously Dis Posed To Imbibe And Retain Moisture ; And Thus Water Has The Faculty To Incorporate With Itself Air And Other Elastic ...
Absorption Of
Absorption Of •ut: Earth, Is The Sinking In Of Land, Either In Consequence Of An Opening Of The Earth Or Sonic Subterraneous Convulsions. In The Time Of Pliny, The Town Curites, And The Moun Tam Cybotus, On Which It Stood, Were So Completely Absorbed, That Scared} A Trace Of Them ...
Abstinence
Abstinence, The Avoiding Or Refraining From Any Thing, To Which There Is Either A Natural Or Habitual Propensity. In Various Systems Of Religion, Abstinence Has Been Enjoined, Not Only From All Food For Certain Limited Periods, But Also, During A Particular Season, From Certain Kinds Of Food. During One Of ...
Abstraction
Abstraction, In Metaphysics, A Mental Opera Tion, By Which We Separate, In Thought, Things Which Are Naturally Conjoined. According To The Logicians, . It Is An Operation Of The Mind, By Which We Detach Our Conceptions All Those Circumstances That Render Them Particular, And Thereby Fit Them To Denote A ...
Aca B
Aca-b D First Case Cp And In The Second Case Cp = Hence If Ab, Cd Be Two Wires, Placed In 2 The Focus Of The First Eye-glass Of A Telescope, The Move Able One Ab May Be Made To Form Every Possible An Gle With The Fixed One Ci), ...
Academics
Academics, A Name Commonly Employed To Dis Tinguish The Disciples Of The School Of Plato Among The Ancient Sects I Philosophy. It Originated From The Ircumstance Ol Plato Ha Ing Chosen As The Theatre Of His Instructions A Public Grove In The Vicinity Ol Athens, Called The Academy, From Hecademus, ...
Academy
Academy. The Term Academy Is Of The Same Ori Gin As Academics, Though Some Are Of Opinion That It Was Derived From Cadmus, Who First Brought Letters From Phoenicia To Greece, And Who Introduced Into That Savage Country The Learning And Mythology Of Egypt. It Is Now Employed To Denote ...
Academy_2
Academy Is Also Used To Signify A Collegiate Semi Nary, Either Of A Public Or Private Nature, Where Youth Are Instructed In The Arts And Sciences. There Were Two Public Academies Of This Kind In The Roman Empire ; One At Rome, Founded By Adrian, In Which All The Sciences ...
Acapulco
Acapulco, The Second Sea-port Town In The Mexi Can Empire, Situated On A Bay Of The Pacific Ocean, At The Distance Of 240 Miles South Of Mexico. The Town Itself Is Very Inconsiderable, Being Composed Of Only Two Or Three Hundred Thatched And Ill-built Houses : But The Harbour Is ...
Accent
Accent, In Grammar, A Certain Mark, Or Character, Placed Over A Syllable, In Order To Direct The Manage Ment Of The Voice In Pronunciation. The Accents Which We Commonly Employ, Are The Same That Were In Use Among The Greeks And Romans, And Are Three In Nun Bee, Viz. The ...
Acciajuoli Donato
Acciajuoli Donato, A Learned Florentine, Born In 14.28, And Descended From Justinian, Emperor Of Con Stantinople, Was Reckoned One Of The Ablest Orators, Philosophers, And Mathematicians, Of The Age In Which He Lived. Acciajuoli Was Present At The Celebrated Conversazione Which Was Held In The Wood Of Camildoli, At The ...
Accidental
Accidental Colcens, A Name Given By Buffon To Those Colours Which Arise From The Continued Action Of' Light Upon The Retina, In Order To Distinguish Them From Those Which Are Produced By The Decomposition Of White Light. A Few Of The Phenomena Of Accidental Colours Were First Obseried By Dc ...
Accipitrine Or Rapacious Birds
Accipitrine) Or Rapacious Birds. The Birds Belonging To This Division Are At Once Distin Guished By Their Hooked Bill And Claws, The Width Of Their Nostrils, The Largeness Of Their Head, The Strength Of Their Muscles, Their Piercing Vision, And Their Power Of Elevated Flight. Their Stomach Is Somewhat Analogous ...
Acclamation
Acclamation, A Confused Noise Or Shout, By Which The Public Express Their Opinion Or Applause Of Any Thing. In A More Restricted Sense, It Denotes A Certain Formula Of Words, Uttered With Extraordinary Ye Hemence, And In A Peculiar Chanting Tone, Frequent In The Ancient Assemblies. Acclamations Were Generally Accompanied ...
Accommodation
Accommodation, The Application Of One Thing By Analogy To Another, In Consequence Of A Resemblance, Either Real Or Supposed, Between Them. To Know A Thing By Accommodation, Is To Know It By The Idea Of A Similar Thing Referred To It. In Theology, The Term Accommodation Is Applied To What ...
Accorso
Accorso A Ili Angel°, A Learned Write R, Vvho Born, About The End Of The Fifteenth Century, At Aquila. In The Kingdom Of Naples. He Employ Ed Hiluself In The Meritorious Office Of Rescuing The Works Of Older Au Thors From Oblivion ; A Species Of Labour W Hich Is ...
Accubation
Accubation, (from Accubo, To Lie Down To,) A Posture Of The Body Between Sitting And Lying. In This Posture The Greeks And Romans Reclined At Table ; A Custom Which They Borrowed From The Nations Of The East. During The First Ages Of The Republic, The Romans Sat At Meals ...
Achilles
Achilles, The Son Of Wiens And Thetis, Said To Have Been Born At Phthia, In Thessaly, Was One Of The Most Celebrated Heroes Of Greece. His History Is So In Volved In Fable, And Such Contradictory Accounts Are Given Of It By Ancient Authors, That No Accurate Informa Tion Concerning ...
Acids
Acids Are A Class Of Chemical Agents, Distinguished By The Follow Ing Common Properties :—they Have A Sour Taste, And Are The Only Substances To Which This Taste Belongs ; They Arc More Or Less Soluble In Water; They Change The Blue, Purple, And Green Colours Of Vegetables To A ...
Aciibom
Aciibom Ttic Telescopes, Algebra, Arithmetic Of Sines, Astronomy, Flu Mons, Mechanics, And, In Short, To Almost Every Article In Mathematics And Physics Which Occurs In Our Work. A Full Account Of Euler's Discove Ries And Investigations Will Be Found In These Articles, And It Would Only Be A Waste Of ...
Acileans
Acileans, The Inhabitants Of At:11a Ia Prop•ia, So Called From The Son Ol \mints, King Ol Thus Saly,who, When Banished From That Kingdom, Had Settled In Athens. Achicus Afterwards Recovered Possession Of Thessaly ; But Having Committed The Crime Of Man Slaughter, Was Obliged To Fly To Laconia, A Province ...
Acoustics 1
Acoustics. 1. On The .acoustic Figures Produced By The Vibration Of Plates. Galileo Long Ago Pointed Out A Method Of Showing The Vibration Of Plates Held Horizontally, By Covering The Plate With Fine Sand, Which Accumulated In Those Parts Of The Vibrating Surface Which Were At Rest. In The Year ...
Action
Action, In Mechanics, Is, Properly Speaking, The Motion Which One Body Either Produces, Or Tends To Pro Duce, In Another Body; Though It Has Been Generally Employed To Denote The Effect Which One Power Exerts Against Another Power. The Principle Of Least Actiox, Was A Name Given By Alaupertuis To ...
Action_2
Action, In Oratory, The Adaption Of The Gestures And Attitudes Of The Body To The Thoughts And Feelings Of The Mind, Intended To Be Conveyed By The Speaker. There Is Always A Sympathy Between The Body And The Mind, And The One Cannot Be Powerfully Affected Without A Corresponding Change ...
Actor
Actor, In The Drama, One Who Represents Some Person, Or Character, On The Stage. Among The Greeks, With Whom Theatrical Entertainments Seem To Have Ori Ginated, The Drama At First Consisted Of A Simple Chorus, Who Sung Hymns, Probably In Alternate Stanzas, In Ho Nour Of Bacchus. To Relieve The ...
Acts Of The Apostles
Acts Of The Apostles, One Of The Books Of Sacred Scripture, Was Written By The Evangelist Luke ; And Seems To Have Been Completed About The Year 63. Luke Is Supposed To Have Been One Of The Seventy, Whom Our Lord Sent Out To Preach The Gospel ; And Is ...
Acute Harmonics
Harmonics, Acute, Are Phenomena Attending A Sounding String Or Pipe, &c. Which Were First Noticed By Galileo, And Subsequently By Peter Marsenne, M. Sauveur, M. Tartini, &c. : But Daniel Bernoulli First Dis Covered The Reason, And Explained The Theory Of The Acute Harmonics, By Sliming, That A Sounding String, ...