There are a great number of valuable manufactures carried on in Berlin. In the manufacture of silk no fewer than 2788 looms, and 5085 workmen, were em ployed in the year 1799, and the value of what they manufactured amounted to 1,869,880 crowns. In the manufacture of woollen, cotton, and linen goods, 4221 looms were employed, and 46S9 workmen ; the annual value of their work in 1799 being 2,850,760 crowns. In the various other manufactures, which are 44 in number, the workmen employed were 4337, and the annual value of their produce 3,522,180 crowns. The whole number of looms employed in Berlin were 7014, the number of manufacturers and artizans 14,406, the annual value of their work in 1799, 8,350,028 crowns, the value of the original materials 5,190,081 crowns, the value of the articles sold in the kingdom 6,814,922, and the value of those sold out of it 1,123,058.
Berlin is divided into five separate towns or wards, viz. Berlin Proper, Cologne or Coeln, Fredcrickswer der, Dorothestadt or Neustadt, and Frederickstadt. Berlin Proper, which was founded in the 12th cen tury by a colony from the Netherlands under Albert the Bear, lies in an island formed by two arms of the river Spree. Cologne, which is probably of the same antiquity, also lies in an island formed by two arms of .the Spree, and is separated from Berlin Proper by the principal arm of that river, which is crossed by four bridges, three of which are of stone and one of wood. Frederickswerder and Dorothestadt were, both built by the Elector Frederick William, the latter of which he called after his wife Dorothy, and which is the finest part of Berlin. Frederick stadt was founded by the Elector Frederick III.
forming the south-west part of the town, and joining with Frederickswerder. The streets are remarkably spacious and regular, and are adorned with lime.trees.
The interior ceconomy of the houses in Berlin is far from corresponding with their outward appear ance. In handsome houses, the apartments are in a ruinous state, and the furniture mean and dirty. Sol diers lodge in the ground floor, and mechanics of the lowest class occupy the upper story. A similar contrast exists between the external appearance of the inhabitants and the comforts which they enjoy at home. Every expencte conducive to true comfort is grudged ; while nothing is spared to deck the per sons of the ladies. The number of courtezans is greater insCerlin than in any other town in Europe of the same size, and they observe none of that ex ternal decorum which is to be seen among this licen tious class in other parts of the continent.
During the 15 years from 1769 to 1782, M. Be guelin found the average temperature of Berlin to be 49°.
In 1645 there were only 1236 houses in this city ; in 1747, they amounted to 5513 ; in 1779, to 6137 ; •and in 1790, to 6950. The population, including the garrison of 30,000, amounts to 169,000, which is above 20 inhabitants to one house. East Long, 13° 26'15", and North Lat. 52°. 32' 30". See Rein hard's Tableau de Berlin a la fin du 18nre siecle, Berl. 1801. Mila, Guide de Berlin, &c. 1802. Ni colai Description de Berlin, &c. 4 vols Svo, 1786. Reichard's Guide des rollugeurs en Europe, 1802, tom. ii. p. 4.0. Reisbeck's Travels, vol. iii. Moore's Travels, &c. vol. ii. ; and Thiebault's Sejour dts Vingi ans a Berlin, 3 vols. (Tr)