BRANDENBURG, an ancient city in Germany, and formeriy the capital of the marquisate to which it gives name. It is situated in the middle Mark, upon the banks of the Ifavel, which divides the old town from the new, and is here large enough to be Earigated by boats of considerable size, which ply hither from the Elbe by means of the canal of Plaice. The sirens of the new town arc straight and beautiful. The princi pal curiosities and public buildings are, the House of Invalids, the barracks, the bridge over the Havel, the church of St C..thei...c, remarkable for its antiquity, its library, aat t:s baptismal founts ; the cathedral at Bug Brandenbui g, acid the pi tints of Lucas Kranach ; the college of the nobles, and the antiquities of the clois ter. This to•.' n carries on a considerable commerce both by land an' ly water ; and it reaps considerable benefit from Inc fishery on the Havel and the other streams and lakes by which it is surrounded. A great proportion of the inhabitants procure subsistence by the culture of hops, with which they brew an excellent beer, which is in great request not only in the town, but in the neighbourhood. There is besides a colony of
French refugees in this town, who have established manufactures of woollen cloths, hair cloths, serges, stockings, canvass, linen cloths, fustians, &c. Branden burg was erected by the emperor Otho I. into an epis copal see under the jurisdiction of the metropolitan of Magdeburg. This see was abolished, however, at the Reformation in 1563. The chapter, which has been since secularized, and which still subsists, is composed of a Lutheran provost, deans senior, sub-senior, and three other canons. The members of this chapter are distinguished by a cross of gold, enamelled with violet, and terminating in eight points ; an honour conferred by Frederic II. In a fort, which is separated from the town by the Havel, there is a cathedral church, with re sidences for the members of the cathedral ; and a riding school for the instruction of young noblemen. The mu nicipal revenues of this town amount to about 60,000 rix dollars. Population about 1200. See Reichard's Guide des Voyageurs, v. 2. p. 311. (k)