CAM PANACEA:. Sec BOTANY, p. 74, § 29. CAMPANULA, a genus of plants of the class Pen tandria, and order Monogynia. See BOTANY, p. 141. CA MPANULACE/E. See BO•ANY, p. 74. CAMPBELL, Marquis of Argyle, son of that Marquis of the same name who suffered death unjustly in the reign of Charles II. The father was firmly attached to the Presbyterian church of Scotland, and to the constitution of his country., as s-ttled by law. Ile never disguised and never changed his sentiments with regard to either. But he Iii ed in critical times ; he was under the reign of a weak monarch ; and he had many enemies among those, while they unfortu nately enjoyed the royal confidence, were profligate enough to abuse it to the purposes of bigotry, selfish ness, and resentment. Ile was tried before the Scottish parliament for abetting the usurpation or Cromwell ; though, in point of fact, he had done nothing more than submitted to it from necessity; and if it was criminal and treasonable to do so, his prosecutors and his judges were as guilty as himself. His destruction, however, was resolved upon ; and, in spite of the ability of his counsel, the demonstrations which were given of Isis in nocence, and the precautionary conduct of the king, who rather interfered in his behalf, he was condemned to be beheaded at the cross of Edinburgh. lle bore his fate with heroic intrepidity and Christian resignation. It has been the general, and should be the universal, opinion that he suffered most unjustly. Clarendon's account of his conduct, trial, and execution, is given with great spirit, but is ith every degree of unfairness ; nor is Mr Ilinise's representation of him much more consistent with truth.
The subject of this article was educated in the prin ciples of loyalty and religion, and soon distinguished himself by his personal merits. When Lord Lorn, he was appointed colonel of the foot guards by a commis sion from the king, in which command he displayed great bravery at the battle of Dunbar. lie persevered in his at tachment to the loyal cause long after its affairs were desperate, not merely continuing faithful as a soldier to his military trust, but even joining with the enemies of his family in promoting the king's interests, and doing every thing that he conld to alleviate the sufferings of his master. Nor did he refrain from his opposition and active hostility to the new government, till he received orders from Charles himself, in 1655, to cupitulatc. This conduct, of which the monarch seemed to entertain a very high opinion, and which he rewarded at the time with marks of his confidence and favour, gay e great of fence to Cromwell, who pursued him with the keenest resentment, and excepted him out of the general pardon which lie issued in 165•. After his capitulation, Ir, lived as a peaceable subject ; but his submissiou was el idently constrained, and accordingly he was the object of perpe tual suspicion. lie refused to own the authority both of
the Protector and of Richard. Informations were re peatedly lodged against him ; formal security was taken for his good behaviour; persons in his service were bribed to watch him ; he was even committed to prison in 1657, when sonic disturbance took place in Scotland ; and what shews as much as any thing the tone of his political prin ciples, the king reposed in him as much confidence as he placed in ally other person in the kingdom.
When Charles was restored, Lord Loin went up to London to congratulate his majesty upon that ev ent, and carried with him a letter from his father, witich the king received in a kind and flattering manner. Ile remained at court during his father's trial, awl employed all his influence to prevent the unjust and melancholy fate in which it issued. This labour of filial love. which was as :instable as it was unsuccessful, instead of winning the esteem, only embittered the animosity of his enemies, who initnediately sought his destruction on the most fri N olous pretext. I lay ing «mvinced the Earl of ( haven don that his father had heels t•eatelonost unfairly and injuriously, lie wrote a letter to Lord Duffus, communi cating that important fact, and using some free expres sions respecting the conduct of those who had be en most active in carrying on the prosecution. The hitt I was intercepted, carried to Lord Aliddleton, exhibited to the Scottish parliament, considered by them as a libel on their proceedings, and made the ground of a representa tion to the king, who, though he confessed there was I ) thing criminal in it, yet pronounced it indiscreet, and commanded Lord Lorn to go down( to Edinburgh. His Lordship had no sooner arrived than he appear( d before parliament, and made a speech in his ow tt v was, however, committed prisoner to the castle. A process was commenced against him, and being foun• guilty of leasing making, or of creating dissension hem cell the king and his subjects, by giving the hornier false in formation, he was condemned to lose his head, and to forfeit all his estates. The day of his execution, hove ever, was left to the king's pleasure. When the new , of this proceeding reached England, it filled the cowl with astonishment. Charles himself had no concept lo.s that any body of men could turn such a slight misde meanour into a capital offence. And Clarendon declared, that if his majesty suffered such a dangerous precedent to take place, he would leave the kingdom as fast as his gout would permit him. After ten months imprison ment, Lord Lorn was liberated. June 4, 166.3. By this time, Middleton, his inveterate foe, had fallen into (1k grace, and his own friends risen to power. A royal pa tent restored to him his grandfather's title and estate, and, besides other advantages of a similar kind, the king, as a mark of his special favour, ordered him to be sworn a privy-counsellor.