The county goal is a mean edifice, built of stone, and situated at the head of English Street. No furniture be longs to the prison, but what is found by the unfortunate persons.conlined there, who are allowed merely straw for their beds. The city prison is placed above the Scotch gates.
The town hall, or Moot Hall, and council chamber, stands in the centre of the city, where is held the courts of assize, the quarter sessions, the mayor's court ; and there two members of parliament are elected for the city. The council chamber is ornamented with a cupola and clock.
Carlisle contains few charitable institutions. A dis pensary was first established in 1782, where the medical gentlemen are in the habit of giNing their advice and at tendance gratuitously. The apothecary, whose duty is to prepare and deliver the medicines prescribed by the physicians, has a salary of about 601. per annum. There arc two workhouses for the maintenance of the indigent poor, a school of industry, where thirty girls are taught sewing, writing, reading, &c. and two schools supported by subscription, one on Lancaster •s and the other On Bell's plan, besides Sunday schools.
The corporation consists of a recorder, twelve alder men, twenty-four common councilmen, and two bailiffs. One of the aldermen is annually elected mayor, and the other annual placemen are chosen out of the common council. The subc,rdinatf• oflic cps :.re direr serjeants at mace, live beadles, or tout' scavenge' s. The serjeamm act as bailiffs in processes Lc fore the im-yor's court ; and to them is committed the exec ution of summons and writs of aril st for debt •sued for it. Tile serjeants and beadle:, weal the «,rporation lie cry, which is brown turn• col up with led ; and their places are generally for life. The office of the latter is to !,cep the streets clean. and put the punishment awarded to offend ers within the mayor's jurisdiction. The 1'11)(A11cs of the corporation extoll a few yards without the site of the city walls, and are ascertained Icy what is called the Free lidge-stone.
The printing or stamping of cotton was first establish ed in the year 1761, which was followed by weaving, and afterwards spinning ; all of which branches have been carried on to a very great extent. Carlisle was formerly celebrated fur its manufacture of fish hooks and whips, though not much so at present. There are four public breweries, and three iron and brass founderies. It also possesses five flourishing banks, two of which issue notes on their own account. The importations to Sandfield, commonly called Port-Carlisle, consist principally of iron, tar, deals, slates, salt, sugar, rum, &c. ; and the ex portations consist of grain, oak bark, flour, timber, lead, alabaster, &c.
The air of Carlisle is particularly salubrious. The population of the city and suburbs, accurately taken at four different periods, was as follows : In the year 1802, the enumeration, according to act of parliament, was 1420 houses. and 10,875 inhabitants ; of these 5133 were males, 5742 females. Owing chiefly to the establishment of cotton mills, and the spirit of trade, the population has of late years been rapidly' increasing. —The following are the population returns for 1811: The market day, every Saturday, is abundantly sup plied with provisions of all sorts, and is considered by the farmers as one of the best corn markets in England.
immense strata of siliceous sandstone, usually deno minated freestone, occur in the neighbourhood, from whence the stones employed in building are principally obtained. Gypsum, or alabaster, is also found here. Several Roman coins and antiquities have, at various times, been found in and about Carlisle. Distance from London 301 miles, from Edinburgh 96. from Dublin 200. For further information on the subject of this article, see Hutchinson's History of Cumberland. Burns and Ni cholson's Historu of' Cumberland. Camden's Britannia. Hook's Archecologia. Horsley's Britannia Romana. Le land's Itinerary. Pennant's Tour from to Alston Moor. Jollie's Cumberland Guide and Directo ry. s.)