1st, Those Nvhicli are woven double, and wilich form by far the greatest part.
2d, Those which are cut in imitation of velvet, and which being much more expensive, arc only used by the most opulent persons.
Double Cloth Carpets.
If we suppose these to be composed only of two co lours, the principle of weaing them may be very easily explained. It is only nec,:ssa:y to raise the warp of each web alternately for the passage of the shuttio, the upper web being entirely above when the under web is woven, and vice versa. A representation of the carpet draw loom, will be found in Fig. 1. Plate CXXX. which is a transverse section of a carpet loom, showing that part which is called the harness. In the front of these, in the real loom, are four leaves of hedd]es, two being al lotted for each web ; but as these differ in no respect from common beddles, excepting in the length of the eye, they are not represented. The form of the eve which is common both to the carpet and damask draw loom, will be seen by examining Fig. 5. In draw looms of every kind, there is no sinking of any portion of the warp, as in plain cloth ; the general body of the warp is there fore placed low, and the threads under which the shuttle is to pass are raised, all the others remaining stationary. The harness part of the loom is moved by a boy or girl, placed to assist the ‘vt aver, by moving the harness whilst he inserts the woof, and works the front mounting or peddles. Fig. 4. A represents the frame work of the loom; B is a box or frame of pullies, over which the cords of the harness pass, and arc then made fast to a piece of wood, which the weavers call a table, and which will be seen at E. From the tail of the harness the simples descend, and to the end of each is attached a small handle, called a bob. These handles being dis posed in pairs, and their regularity preserved by means of a perforated board, it is only necessary to pull every handle in succession ; the weaver, at the same time, working the treddles with his feet exactly as in any other loom. The treddles arc four in number, the fa bric being that of plain or alternate cloth, and two tred dies allotted for each web. The harness part of the carpet draw-loom is furnished with mails, or metallic eyes, to avoid friction, and two threads arc drawn through each eye. The design of a carpet is drawn upon cross ruled paper, exactly in the same wayas every other spe cies of fanciful loom work, and is transferred from the paper to the mounting, by rules so entirely similar to those used for damask and all the branches of ornamen tal weaving, that a very short description Nvil I be abun dantly sufficient. It may, however, be of use shortly to
advert to the general principle upon which the particu lar application of the harness to the weaving of carpets depends; for a little consideration of general and ele mentary principles must, in every art or science, prove of the greatest utility to those who wish afterwards to qualify themselves for an extensive knowledge of their particular application. Suppose that two webs then, are 50 mounted, that every alternate thread of the one may Le raised, so as to form an ample passage for the shut tle without at all depressing the other. Then suppose mother web placed above the former, at such a distance that it w ill exactly touch the summit of those threads of the r w 'dei are raised. Then if the threads the 1;,;t( r w h are sunk, while the others are raised, the two wou,d be entirely incorporated. But if this be only par tially done at particular places, only those parts Mune diately operated on will be affected by the action of the apparatus employed. Supposing the carpet is to con sist of two colours, as green and yellow, and that on the upper surface, as stretched m the loom, yellow flowers or ornaments are to be represented upon a green ground ; then all those species of design paper, which are colour ed, may be supposed to represent the yellow, and those which are vacant the green. Then counting the spaces upon the paper, omit those which are vacant, and cord those which are coloured, and the effect will be pro duced. But as the two webs are to be raised alternate ly, whatever is corded for the first handle must be pass ed for the second, and whatever is passed for the first must be corded for the second. Thus the handles being placed in pairs, one will produce the flower, and the other the ground. Fig. 2 and 3, are profile elevations of the carpet draw-loom. Fig. 2. represents a section of the harness; the box of pullies being at B, the perfo rated-board or regulator at C, and the suspended weights at D. In Fig. 3. the box or frame of pullies is at B, the board by which the simples are regulated appears at F, and the handles or bobs at G. In both figures, thc por tion of the frame work of the loom which is visible, is distinguished by the letter A.