CASSEL. the capital of the kingdom of Westphalia, is situated' in the department of the Fulda, and on the river Fulda, which dividd s it into two pares,.c,..11ed the old and the new town, which sec joined by a brul6e. The old town, which is the largest of the ti% o divisions, is re' y ill built. The houses are mostly old, and formed of timber, and the streets are namm• and irregukr. The new town is subdivided into the upper and tie low cr. The upper portion, which was also called the Ficnch tots n, is ill built ; but, in the lower part, the houses ate elegant and well built, and the straight and spacious.
The principal public buildings and curiosities, are the Castle of Residence and its colonnade—the Palace— the Bath of Marble—the Museum—the Square of Fre derick—the Arsenal—the Catholic church—the Found ling Hospital—the Anatomical Theatre—the Reformed Church, where there is a statue of the Landgravc Charles—the Founderv-the Palace of the Prince Guise —the Opera House—the buildings of the Orangery— the Observatory—the Menagerie, and the Place Roy ale.
The Museum, which was built by the Landgrave Frederick II., is a noble building. It has a facade of 290 feet long, with columns of the Ionian order, 36 feet in height. It contains a valuable collection of antique gems and ornaments, statues, busts, and cast models of Rome, and particularly of all the Princes of Hesse, dress ed in the costume of their times. In the Square of Frederick is a statue of the late Landgrave, by Nahl, erected in 1783. The Mancge is a light and elegant building, and the library is a magnificent apartment, •about 500 feet long by 40, and contains several valuable books and manuscripts.
The literacy establishments of Cassel, are a society of antiquity ; an academy of painting ; a cabinet of machines and models ; a college ; the lyceum of Fre derick ; and the society of agriculture and the fine arts. The principal promenades are the park of Augarten, the garden of Bellevue, and the esplanade.
In the neighbourhood of Cassel is the beautiful castle of Wilhelmshole, formerly Weissenstein, which is visited by all strangers. The fine cascades ; the colossal Her cules of Winterkasten ; the lofty jet d'eau ; the Loewen bourg ; the aqueduct ; and the fall of water, are objects of general admiration. The garden of Freyenhagen, the chateau, gardens, and grottos of Wilhelmshole, are among the other curiosities in the neighbourhood.
The principal manufactures of Cassel are porcelain ; delft ware ; woollen stuffs ; fine hats ; ribbands ; silk and woollen stockings ; gold and silver lace ; tobacco ; wax candles ; chocolate ; buttons ; and cards for playing. M. Buttner reckons Cassel the fourth city in Germany, and inferior only to Vienna, Berlin, and Dresden. East Long. of the observatory 9° 35' 18", North Lat. 19' 20". Population in 1811, 20,260. See Tynnas' Alma nach du Commerce flour 1811. Verzeichniss der hoch litrstlich Hessisehen Gemalde Sanzusburg in Cassel, 1783. Cassel and die umliegende Gegend. Cassel 1796, by D'Apel ; Trotter's Memoirs of Mr Fox, p. 51. (17)