01' the pails here visible, those which can be seen in Fig. 1. are distinguished by the same letters. The re attaining parts are as follow : At Q is a roller or cylinder of wood, which yes motion to the needle frame ; it is operated upon by a chain or 1% ire, communicating with the treddle, which products the perforating motion, and returns by the gravitation of a weight suspended from a stud in the opposite side of the cylinder, as soon as the v•essure is removed. At R appears that part of the machinery which, by the operation of the treddle P 2, gives the rotatory motion which supplies the needles with the yarn, and which will be better understood by referring to Fig. 2. in Plate CXXXVI. At T, Fig. 2, Plate CXXXVI. is a lever suspending a weight which elevates the ratchet R, as soon as the pressure of the wiper is removed from the treddle. At S is a guide by which the motion of the ratchet is regulated. At U is the weight which produces the returning motion of the needles to the front, after being supplied with the thread. At V, V are two studs driven or screwed into the roller Q, with joints, by which the connection is formed with the back part of the needle-carriage, to produce its re ciprocating motion.
In Fig. 3. is a profile elevation of the left hand part of the machine, or that most remote from the traverse wheels, and contiguous to the part where the moving power is applied. In this figure the upper part of the cloth frame appears at C, with one of the ratchets for distending the cloth. The upper roller is at G, and the balance weights guided by the pulleys at C, appear at L. At 0 is the centre of the shaft which carries the wipers, and at Q the back roller, as in the preceding figures. At a is a piece of iron by which is suspended an iron bar, which opens and shuts the barbs or hooks of the needles. At b is a profile of the needle carriage. At E is the needle frame, the form of which is now more apparent. At d is a screw which serves as a stop for the carriage, and which may be tempered at pleasure.
In Fig. 4. the forms of the traverse wheels become more apparent ; 1 being the ratchet, 2 the horizontal, 3 the perpendicular, and 4 the needle traverses. At 5 and 6 are the centre screws, in which the axis revolves.
In Fig. 5. Plate CXXXVI. is a horizontal section of the machine immediately above the needle-frame. In this figure, many parts, partially or wholly concealed in the former, may be seen in their proper forms. The letters of reference denoting the particular parts are preserved the same as in the former figures, and a short recapitulation, with such occasional remarks as may oc cur, will probably be sufficient for the purpose of fur ther illustration. Let the frame work be supposed to be cut asunder immediately above the level of the needle frame, and the six posts which support and connect the frame-work, will be represented by the letter A, six times repeated. Of this frame-work, the larger depart ment at the left hand contains the general part of the machinery, whilst the smaller part to the right is ex clusively appropriated for that portion which is peculiar ly constructed for the formation of the patterns. At C appears a horizontal section of the cloth-frame, the top rail and upper roller being cut away. Immediately be low the upper roller is a cross bar placed with its edge towards the cloth, and another bar exactly similar is placed below. These serve to keep the superficies of the cloth always at an equal distance from the points of the needles ; as the diameters of the rollers are con stantly varying by the cloth being unwound from one and rolled upon the other. At E is the horizontal view of the needle-frame, consisting of two strong iron bars, placed parallel to each other, at the distance of about four inches, with their edges upwards. Of these, the bar nearest to the front of the machine is perforated with small round holes at equal distances, the centres of the whole being exactly in the same straight line. The front bar, or that nearest to the cloth, is cut into triangular notches, also at equal distances, and which serve for the second support of the needle-handle. The triangular
form was found superior to any other, because the han dle, always pressing by its own gravity towards the acute angle below, touched both sides, and consequently left no room for the handle to shake, which would soon have been the case, by mere friction, even in the most accu rately litted bow. Besides this, it afforded a great faci lity for changing any needle which might accidentally be injured, and substituting another with little delay or loss of time. The bar next to E, alter being bored, had another thin bar of malleable iron screwed to it, through wide!) a number of small holes were drilled, and tapped to receive small screws, the centre of each small hole corresponding, as neatly as possible, with that which 1.r:et:heti the extreme pivot of the needle handle. These screws, the heads of which appear nearest to E, were found of very great practical utility ; for if any small variation took place in the length of a needle when placed in the handle, it could be instantly corrected by turning the screw behind, either backwards or forward, as the case required ; and thus all the points of the needles were preserved in the same straight line, and at equal distances front the cloth, notwithstanding any trivial inaccuracy in the setting. Contiguous to the bar furthest from the cloth was a slip of brass cut into the form of a rack, and extending somewhat more than the whole length of the frame. It was hung to the bar so as to move freely front side to side, and by means of a small pillion of 16 leaves upon each handle, communicated a rotatory motion to the needles upon their own axes, either front right to left, or vice versa. The teeth being below, neither them nor the pinion can be seen in Fig. 5. ; but the mode of operation is distinctly visible in Plate CXXXVII. Fig. I. Behind the cloth frame, at a few inches distance, is a cross rail or beam of wood, which carries all that part of the machinery which was appropriated to the purpose of supplying the needles with the thread, or as it is used to be called by the work people, the feeding machinery. On the centre of this beam, at 12, was a small frame of cast iron, in which was the wheel work necessary for the part of the motion. The other motion was a re ciprocating one, alternately approaching to and receding front the cloth, which was effected by an apparatus be low, part only of which is visible. The use of both mo tions was as follows : 1st, In order to throw a loop into the hook of the needle, it was necessary that the thread should pass round the stem of the needle, in the interval between the time when the perforation was completed, and that when the needle returned after receiving the loop. This was pet formed by a separate set of brass needles, similar to those used by weavers for the weaving of lappets, and which arc described under the article Cr.orn Manufac ture. The motion of all these needles being entirely the same, they were driven into a bar of hard wood, at dis tances equal to those of what were termed the working needles, in the needle frame, so that they might corres pond with each other respectively. Consequently a single rotatory or circular motion communicated to this bar, gave a corresponding motion to every needle which it contained. By these means, after the perforation had taken place, the first motion was a circular one of the feeding needle round the working one, which lodged the loop upon the stein of the latter. But as it was necessary that the working needle should be shut by a slider, to prevent the barb from injuring the fabric of the cloth when returning, it was also necessary, that before this operation took place, the thread should not ( nly thrown round the stern, Ion drawn backwards in o tI hook. This second operation was effected by the addi tional apparatus below.