Several excellent and well known garden apples arc not included in the list above given, in order to avoid prolixity; such as the summer and the winter Thorle ; different va rieties of Pcarmain ; the Wine apple, or Queen ; the red and the white Calville ; Wheeler's Russet ; Holland pip pin ; the Strawberry apple ; the Devonshire Quarenden, the Crofton, and the Kerry pippin. It cannot be too often inculcated, that the choice of varieties of fruits, and espe cially of apples and pears, ultimately to be employed as standards and dwarf standards in gardens, ought to depend very much on experience,—on observing which kinds suc ceed best in the particular soil and situation in question.
108. As formerly mentioned, several new apples have of late been brought into notice. Of these, the following have deservedly acquired a good character : The Yellow Ingestrie pippin, the Downton pippin, and the Wormsley pippin.
The Yellow Ingestrie pippin was raised a few years ago by Mr Knight, from a flower of the orange pippin dusted with the pollen of the golden pippin. It is similar in form and colour to the latter, which it almost rivals also in rich ness and flavour : it ripens in October, but does not keep. The tree is very productive.
The Downton pippin, named from Mr Knight's seat, had the same origin ; and also possesses very good qualities in certain upland situations ; but in the low grounds about London it is not good.
The Wormsley pippin is another of Mr Knight's apples, a very large fruit, and, in the consistence and juiciness of its pulp, nearly resembling the Newton pippin ; it ripens in the end of October, and keeps for some time.
The apple caiied Hughes's new golden pippin possesses the finest qualities; but we suspect it will be lound to be, not a new fruit, but a French apple, cultivated in Nor mandy, and not unfrequently shipped for this country at Charante.
Some varieties are cultivated chiefly by way of curiosity; particularly the Fig-apple, which is remarkable for pro ducing no seeds, and indeed for having no proper core ; it is said also to spew stamens and pistils only, or to be desti tute, or nearly so, or petals. The Dwarf rennet is also deserving of notice ; when grafted on a paradise stock, the tree scarcely exceeds in size a large plant of gillyflower. It is therefore sometimes kept in pots, and forced, and placed in a growing state on the table. The fruit com
pletely resembles the common Frebeh rennets. To these may be added, the Pomme or Apius's apple, a very small fruit, of a yellowish colour, but bright red next the sun ; and the Pomme de deux ans, or John apple, remark able for having apples, and blossoms on the tree at the same time.
109. Apple trees intended for full standards are grafted On free stocks, or crab stocks ; those for espalier rails or walls, on paradise and codlin stocks. A young grafted ap ple tree should have three branches ; and, if intended for a wall•tree or espalier, the centre branch only is cut down, perhaps to a foot in length, to encourage the setting out of a succession of branches. The fruit of the apple tree is produced on small side and terminal spurs, or short spurs or curzons, from an inch to more than two inches long, pro ceeding. from branches two, time, or four years old, the same wood continuing fruitful for a number of years. The nonpareil, and some other varieties, indeed, yield a few fruit from shoots of the former year ; but this is not usual. Espalier and wall trees are pruned twice in the season, in summer and in winter. In May and June, fore right and other superfluous shoots are taken out, a few being laid in, to supply wood where wanted. Any time between December and March, a selection of these is made ; and unfruitful, decayed, or cankered branches being cut out, new branches are led along in their place. At the same time, old rugged spurs, and useless snags, are taken clean of close by the trunk, applying any mild ointment to the wound. On walls from nine to twelve feet high, the fan-training is pi eferrecl ; but on walls under nine feet, the horizontal method is often adopted. About twenty-five feet are allowed to each tree. standard apple trees re ceive, and indeed require, but little attention. The ground is dug over, lichens and mosses on the trunks or branches are destroyed, dead branches are cut out, and such as cross each other so as to rub together. When a standard or a dwarf standard is heavily loaded with fruit, several cleft ed or forked stakes are stuck into the ground, and made to support the drooping branches, which are otherwise apt to break down. Standards in gardens are placed generally thirty feet apart ; espalier trees on dwarf stocks, fifteen feet apart ; on free stocks, perhaps twenty-five feet.