GARDENING is a very general term, being employed to signify both the laying-out of pleasure grounds, and the cultivating of fruit-trees, culinary herbs, and flowers. To the former branch belong the consideration of the general aspect of the ground, and the capabilities of the entire place, the improver often availing himself of hills, rivers, or fo rests, beyond the boundaries of the domain immediately un der his power ; the situation and extent of woods, groves, and clumps ; the general grouping of trees, and the charac teristics of the different kinds ; likewise the Management of ornamental water, either in the form of rivers or brooks, with waterfalls and bridges ; or as lakes, with islands and fountains ; also of rocks and ruins ; and, lastly, the mansion house and offices, it being evident that the house and the grounds must agree in character, or be mutually adapted to each other. To the latter belong the formation and cul
ture of the garden, properly so called, including the culti vation of fruit-trees, as standards, espaliers, or wall-trees, of kitchen vegetables, and of ornamental plants, with a num ber of subordinate operations, such as the management of forcing-houses, hot-bed frames, hot-houses, conservatories, and green-houses. The former branch is properly denomi nated LANDSCAPE-GARDENING, and the latter HORTICUL TunE; and under these titles we purpose to treat of them. The raising of forest trees in nurseries, and the general or dering of woods and copses, are subjects connected with gardening, which shall receive due attention in a subse quent part of our work. An account of the mode of estab lishing orchards, and of managing them, with descriptions of the best orchard fruits, may be expected under the word