GRANTHAM, a town of England in Lincolnshire, is situated on the river Witham, near the ancient Roman road, called Ermine Street. The town, which is neat and clean, and contains many excellent houses, consists of four principal streets, called Westgate, Watergate, Cas tlegate, and Swinegate. The church, which'is elegantly built of stone, consists of a nave, with spacious north and south aisles. It is lighted with handsome painted win dows, and has been celebrated for the elegance of its spire, which consists of a quadrangular tower, contain ing three stories. At each angle of the parapet is an hex angular crocketted pinnacle, over which rises an octago nal spire, ornamented with crockets in the angles, and at these several distances encircled with windows having triangular heads. The height of the tower to the battle ments is 135 feet, and from that to the top of the vane 138, making a total height of 273 feet. The nave, inclu ding the chancel and side aisles, is 116 feet long inside, and 80 feet broad. The church contains several handsome marble monuments. The front, which is octangular, is deemed a handsome specimen of ancient sculpture. The crypt under the aisle is used as a charnel-house, which contains great numbers of bleached sculls and hones The vestry has been fitted up to receive the library of the Rev. Dr Newcome, a native of Grantham, who bequeathed it for the use of the town and neighhoul hooch.
The guildhall was rebuilt in 1787, and contains n large apartment for an assembly-room. Tae free-school was founded by Richard Fox, Bishop of Winchester, and in the present school-house Sir Isaac Newton studied the classics for several years. Withoth the Spiaiegate is the Grantham Spa, a mild chalybeate, containing a small por tion of aerated iron.
A canal has some time ago been cut from Grantham to the river Trent, a distance of 30 miles, with a fall of 148 feet to the river Trent. In 1798, 11'4,7341. had heen expended on the undertaking, and the tonange then amount ed to 43811. Corn and coals are the principal articles which it conveys. There is a race-course in the neigh bourhood of Grantham, where races are held annually.
The following is the population of the borough and parish, according to the census of 1811.
Number of inhabited houses 673 Do. of families 776 Do. employed in -agriculture 61 Do. in trade and manufactures 430 Males 1677 Females 1969 Total population 3646 See Beauties of England and Wales, vol. ix. p. 766. GRANTOWN. See MORAYSHIRE. GRAPHOMETER, is a name sometimes given to in struments similar to goniometers, or to particular modi fications of the theodolite. See GONIOMETER.