3. Julianeshaab, established in the Firth Kakortok, iii the 60° 43'. In its vicinity are the ruins of an old Icelandic or Norwegian church.
4. Fredrikshaab, in the 62° 30', is one of the oldest colonies, established in 1742.
5. Fiskerness, a Danish lodge, in the 63° 20'. Four leagues from this is, 6. Lichtenfels, a settlement of the Moravian Brethren, founded in the year 1754, on an island called Kikertar soeitsiak.
7. Godthaab, in the 64° 5', in Baal's river, the first set tlement for the mission and trade, established in the year 1723, by Mr Hans Egede, the first missionary of Green land. A dwelling-house of stone was built by him in the year 1726, the walls of which are three feet in thickness ; it is 27 feet long, and 16 feet broad. Some hills, at the dis tance of one league, separate Godthaab from New Herrn hut, the first Moravian settlement in this country. The governor of South Greenland resides here.
8. New Herrnhut, which has also a very large dwelling house, built of stone, by the Moravian Brethren.
9. Zukkertonfien (Sugar-loaf,) so called from a conical mountain in the vicinity of the settlement, established in 1755, in 40' North Lat.
10. Holstein-burg, established in 1770, in 67° 10' North Lat. the last colony of South Greenland.
Egedcsminde (that is, Memory of Egcde) is establish ed in honour of the first missionary, Hans Egede. It lies in 68° 40' North Lat. on the most southern point of Disko Bay, generally called on the charts South East Bay, and Fish Bay, which is one of the most convenient places for the whale fishery. .
12, Christianshaab ; 13. Clanshavn ; and, 14. Jakobs havn, in 68° 50', are the settlements established round the continent of Disko Bay.
There arc two other colonies, called, 15. Kiokkerhuk, and, 16. Rittenbenk, situated in N. Lat. on islands in the \Vaygat, which. is a sound that separates those islands from Disko island.
17. Omenak, another settlement, established 1768, in North Lat. is situated on an island of the same name in James's Bay, which, in the English charts, is called Cornelitis Bay. The most northern colony which existed, was, 18. Upernavik, on one of the Women Islands, 72° 32' North Lat. although now abandoned by the settlers, for want of intercourse with, and support from, the other set tlements. It is still inhabited by some Greenlanders, who have very little intercourse with the Europeans, and never farther to the north than to the 73d degree.
There is another settlement, Ciodhavn, on Disko island, where the governor of North Greenland resides, and two other at Kronfirinz island and Ifund island, called, on the charts, Whale Island. The English whale-fishers visit
frequently those places. On the whole coast are five Pro testant Lutheran Danish churches, where the gospel is preached both in Greenlandish and Danish ; there are also three meeting-houses of the Moravian Brethren. The Lutheran churches are at Frederikshaah, Godthaab, HoLs teinsburg, Jakobshavn, and Claushavn. The Moravian meeting-houses are at Lichtenau, Lichtenfels, and New Herrnhut. The Moravians have no mission farther to the north.
Greenland was always considered to be a property of the King of Denmark, the Danish flag having been hoisted there so early as in the 13th century. The trade with the Greenlanders was several times interrupted, as already mentioned, the inhabitants wishing to avoid all intercourse with foreign countries. The religious zeal of the vene rable Lutheran clergyman, Hans Egcde, by degrees at tached the Greenlanders to the Danes : the uninterrupted communication with the Greenlanders made the Danes ac quainted with the language of the country ; and as the na tives began to feel the want of some European articles, a commercial intercourse was established. The trade was always a monopoly, undertaken at first by a company of merchants, and afterwards conducted on account of the government. Each settlement is managed by a trader and his assistant, both of whom are paid by the government. These officers and their workmen^are subjected, besides the Danish law-book, to another regulation of trade, called Instruction. The general inspection of the trade, and the administration of the laws, is placed by the king under the care of two governors, or general inspectors, one of whom resides at Godthaab in South Greenland, the other at God havn (Good Harbour) on Disko island. Their power is very extensive, but is restricted to the settlements ; the natives being without laws, except such individuals as are in the pay of the Danish government. The trade and the navigation to the colonies is governed by the royal direc tion of the Greenland trade at -Copenhagen. The Danish missionaries, their installations, functions, and residences, are settled by the royal Danish college for converting the heathens. The Moravian Brethren there are under the immediate direction of the Unitas Fratrurn of Herrnhut in Germany.