GUstavus left behind him the character of a good Chris tian, a great king, a prudent statesman, and a consummate general. Amidst the operations of war, he did not neg lect the cultivation of the sciences. lie enriched the uni versity of Upsal, established a royal academy at Abo, and founded an university at Dori, in Livonia. Before his time, there were no regular troops in Sweden ; but he formed ancl executed the project of having 80,000 men, constantly well armed, clothed, and disciplined. He was acknowledged to be the greatest captain of his time, and the bravest soldier in his army; and the military art is in debted to his genius for several great improvements. He formed his cavalry into smaller subdivisions, which ena bled them to move with greater ease and rapidity ; his or der of battle was composed of two lines, (instead of one, according to the usual practice,) in order that the second might advance, in the event of the first being broken ; and lie was the first who demonstrated, in modern times, the importance of a well-disciplined infantry in the field. His own army was a perfect pattern of good order. The
morals of his soldiers were to him an object of equal at tention with their courage and military discipline. Tem perance was commanded as a duty by the Swedish laws of war ; excesses of every kind were severely punished ; and every regiment mustered, morning and evening, around its chaplain, to perform their devotions in the open air ; the king himself being always present upon those occasions. He endured all the hardships and privations of war with the meanest of his army ; and never spared his person in the hour of danger.
He not only extended his dominions, and raised the 're putation of Sweden abroad, hut also turned his attention to the constitution of his country, which he would probably have improved had he lived to return into his own king dom. By his regulations, however, the succession to the crown, which had been previously limited to the male line, devolved upon his daughter Christina, who was only six years old at the period of her father's death. Sec Harte's Life of Gustavus Adolphus ; Schiller's History of the Thirty Years War ; and the Gen. Bros'. Dict. (z)