Austria is a considerable manufacturing province. Vienna alone contains 54,000 manufacturers in wool lens, silks, cottons, leather, iron, steel, glass, porce lain or china-ware, paper, toys, household-furniture, dress-making, &c. ; and exports, to the different pro vinces of the monarchy, the value of 1,200,000 sterling per annum in manufactured goods. Lintz, in Upper Austria, has a cloth manufactory, which, in 1805, employed 3000 workmen in the town, and 7000 in the neighbourhood ; and several towns on the northern side of the Danube possess woollen manu factures, though of inferior consequence. They are still greatly inferior to similar establishments in Eng land and France ; but make a conspicuous figure in Germany. The articles which they yield are, at an average, 30 per cent. dearer, and sometimes above 60 per cent. dearer than the same articles in England, in proportion to their intrinsic value. The same may be said of their silks and cottons. The numerous prohibitory restrictions, and heavy impostg, are mt only detrimental to the province with regard to its foreign commerce, but also extremely pernicious to the internal improvement of the different provinces of this empire. Joseph II., who rushed upon every project without mature deliberation, fancied that ma nufactures would flourish in consequence of prohibit ing almost all goods of foreign fabric ; hut he lived long enough to see, that prohibitions, like all other legislative interferences with the commercial polity and national industry of a country, must be very cautiously managed, in order to produce any good effect ; and that it is .the wisdom of governments, ra ther to foster and direct the national energies, than to impel them by violent measures, or in any case substitute coercion in place of persuasion, and of gradual illumination and advancement.
The revenue of Austria Proper is usually estimated at one-sixth of that of the empire, which, in 1808, amounted to nearly £9,000,000 sterling. This very considerable sum of R1,500,000, which exceeds some of the northern monarchies of Europe, arises from va rious sources, of which the metropolis Vienna fur nishes a large share. A tax on offices, places and pen sions, lottery, oamps, bank, the house and land tax, post-office, the heavy duty on salt, amounting nearly to 200per cent. ad valorem, the duty on tobacco, mines and minerals, silks, cottons, and all imported merchan dise, even articles of luxury and of common use from Hungary and Bohemia, the duties paid by breweries and distilleries, as well as by wines, whether consu med in the province, or exported, &c. comprehend the principal parts of this revenue. It is difficult to discover the precise amount of the revenue of any specific province of the Austrian empire, and,.indeed, that of the totality of it ; insomuch, that authors, who ft-eat of state of this country, are all at variance upon it. Ockhart states the revenues of the empire at 110,000,000 of florins ; Hock at 100,000,000 ; the Political Journal of Frankfort at 93,193,000; Norman at 120,000,000; and others fluctuate between 80,000,000 and 130,000,000. The florin is between Is. 3d. to 1s. 8d. sterling.
The national debt of the Austrian empire it is im possible even to guess at with any tolerable degree of confidence. In - Vienna it was commonly said, in 1807-8, to exceed £80,000,000 sterling ; and sup posing Austria 'Proper to have incurred one-sixth, it has a burden of R13,000,000 and upwards to liqui date from a revenue, of £1,500,000.
Amidst the present uncertainty and rapid vicissi tudes of the continental powers, which may to-day possess numerous and well-appointed armies, but to morrow see them annihi4ated by a preponderating and overwhelming conquror, it is not a matter of very great importance to inquire into the precise numbers or organization of their standing armies. The Austrian army, unquestionably the best ap pointed and the most powerful, upon the whole, ex cepting the French, stood as follows in 1804 and 1805, and in March 1809 very nearly on the esta blishment of 1805: • Men.
Peace establishment of 1801, 370,945 War establishment of 1805, 471,312 The Infantry, 271,871 men, was as follows, viz.
Reg. Batt. Conlp. Men.
1. Troops of the line, 63 189 1008 193,587 2. Grenadiers, 21 126 11,361 3. Chasseurs, . 1 2 10 2,140 4. Frontier militia, 17 246 14• 53,000 5. Garrison troops, 3 , 7 28 7,000 G. Invalids, . 5 1,780.
Total, ...... 271,871 • Every regiment of the line consists of two compa nies of grenadiers, of 99 men each ; two field batta lions of six companies, each company of 182 men ; and a depot battalion, always engaged in recruiting and disciplining for the regiment, consisting of four companies. The compliment of each regiment of the line is 3175 men. The grenadiers are men picked out of the regiments ; not the tallest, as with us, but those who appear to be the Lest soldiers. Thirty-nine regi ments of the troops of the line are always in garrison. in Austria, Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia ; and seven, in Gallicia. These provinces are divided into circles, for the purpose of maintaining and recruiting them, Hungary keeps tip 12 regiments, which forms a corps of 47,000 men, and are recruited in that king. dom. The frontier militia towards Turkey, consist ing of 53,000 men, enjoy free lands instead of pay in time of peace ; but the moment they are under marsh ing orders, or put on the war establishment, their re gular pay commences like that of the other troops. Some of these regiments, especially those of the Ban nat of Temeswar, are very strong, consisting of 4215 men each.
Of this number of infantry of the line and militia, Upper and Lower Austria supply about one-tenth, or nearly 20,000.
By the late treaty with France, Austria has lost about one-eighth of her population, and one-tenth of her resources ; but she is still a very respectable power, and fully able, with proper management, to maintain her old military establishment, and even to increase it. Hungary alone contains a larger popu lation than the Prussian monarchy ever did, and is much richer in every point of view, yet that king. dorm has never supplied Austria with 100,000 men in any war, and Prussia had, in 1806, a regular army of 230,000 infantry, and 31,000 Cavalry.