Stich a system of husbandry cannot well be produc tive. It yields wheat, barley', rye, for the internal con sumption; besides a remaining quantity of wine and olive-oil for exportation. Nearly a half of the- agricul tural labour is devoted to the vine; but the management of it is greatly inferior to what may be oliserved in flourishing wine countlies. as in the neighbourhood of Oporo or Bpurdeaux. It is nnt uncomtnon to find se veral departments of cultivation carried on hy the same person, in the same field. Elms and poplars are often seen planted in rows, and supporting vines, while the in tervening spaces are sown with grain or pulse.
The Neapolitan animals are not remarkable for their excellence. Horses no longer form an object of export. Mutes are better fitted for the mountainous parts of the countt y, and in general ttse there. ICI the high grounds of Abruzzo and Calabria, cows; oxen, sheep, are reared in considerable quantities; while large droves of buffaloes range along the marshy tracts on the north-west coast. 01 wild animals, the lynx or tiger-cat is found in the higher parts of the Appennine; the crested porcupine is said to be peculiar to the south of Italy; snakes and other reptiles are met with in the hot districts.
The unhappy circumstances of his political condition, the heaviness of taxation, the insecurity of property, which have acted SO banefully on the Neapolitan husband main produce a similar effect on the merchant and manu facturer. The trade of Naples is mostly in the hands of British subjects, who, by a late treaty (1816), are put on a footing of equality with the natives The fabrics of the country are of little variety', and insignificant extent. Of the 8000 cwt. of silk annually produced here, about half is exported in a raw state, the remainder is prepared at home. Cotton, a production of the soil, is made into muslin, in a limited quantity. In the provi»ce of Otranto ; coverlets are formed of it at N tort° and Galatona. Pot teries exist in the capital, and at T, rani° ALiruzzo Ultra : in the former are also some establishments of embloidery. The liqueurs and other confectionary of Naples are known in foreign countries. The exports, however, are chiefly confined to raw produle, oil, silk, wool, fruit ; to which are added, in smaller quantities, cotton and wine. The hnports are more diversified, consisting of sugar, coffee, and other groceries ; woollens, linens, cotton goods, British or East Indian ; with hard ware, clocks, watches, household furniture, and large quantities of salted fish.
The latter article is indispensahly requisite here, as in all countries professing the Catholic religion, and strictly conforming to their profession of it. Catholicism is the universal creed in Naples; and the people are de votedly attached to it. The only dissenters are a few
misetable hordes of Albanians, whost. ancestors sought refuge in the south of Italy from the oppressions of Mahornet II. during the fifteenth century. They still follow the Greek mode of worship, in a few villages, where they live distinguished for their uncultivation even among the peasantry of Naples.
The revenue and forces of Naples are small, and im perfectly known. Next to no provision is made for educating any considerable class of the community ; and the general ignorance is proportionate to this inattention. The government is at present in a state of convulsion, or but momentary quiet. and t annot he described. We proceed to the history : our outline of it also must be brief.
Naples is said to have been founded by a colony of Athenians, at a period anterior to the building of Rome; and during the greatness of the Roman state it seems always to have been consideted as a Greek city. When the Romans had extended their conquests to Samnium, the Neapolitans, from whom they met with no resistance, Were received into the number of their allies, and per mitted to retain their laws and municipal government.
In after times, when the taste lor Grecian literature became general at Rowe, N. pies grew favourite resort of the learned and the wealth), and even in the declining days of the empire, is described by Cassiodorns as a rich and populous city, adorned with temples and the palaces oldie wealthy, who resorted thither to ef,joy its salubrious climate, and the luxuries with which it „bounded.
On the fill of the Roman empire, Naples fell into the hawk of the Goths, from whom it was recov red by Be lisarius in 337, and although retaken by Totila in 545: was again delivered by Narses 555. After this period, Naples, and its surrounding territory continued to main tain its connection with the Grecian empire, and its chief magistrate, or duke, was appointed by the emperor or the exarch of Ravenna, his representative in Italy. After Ravenna was taken by the Lombards, however, the in fluence of the emperor in Naples, and the other Greek cities in Italy, gradually declined; in the I th century, the duke, or master of the soldiers at Naples appears to have been elected by the people; and fol a period of five hundred years, Naples, though continually obliged to maintain its independence against the Lombard dukes or Beneventum, whose territories surrounded it on all sides, had continued to retain its liberty. But the Lombards were not the only enemies who disturbed the repose of the south of Italy. In thr 9th century., the Saracens, who possessed the opposite coasts of Africa, took several of the towns on the coast of Italy, and besieged the city of Gaeta.