In the duchy of Mantua, the canal called Fossa di Puz zola, 15 miles long, goes from the Mincio, near Geito, and falls into the Tartaro. The canal of St. George, six miles long, goes from the lake of AIantua to the canal of Puzzola. The canal of Martenaro, eight miles, goes also from the same lake to the Po, at Borgo Fute. The canal Fossa Maestra, five miles, comes from Ozoma to the canal Montanara. 'rite Fossero, which conies from the Mincio, is seven miles.
In the duchy of Modena is a canal 16 miles long, from Secchia to Panaro, by Modena. It has several branches, one of which is five miles long.
In the estates of the Pope, Fossa Rangone runs paral lel to the Panaro, and joins two others, one of which goes by Conti to Po Mort, or Po de Jerana. The canal di Giovanni Niginales, from the side of Alansolino, is 22 miles long ; below Conti it is named Condotto di Conti. From Bologna to Ferrara is a canal of 24 miles, named Canal di Naviglio ; it terminates in the great marshes. The Canal di Medicina falls into the Po at Primaro. Still on the side of Ferrara is the Canal di Bianco, the Naviglio Ferranese, which goes from the Great Po to Po Mort ; the Canal Val d'Albama, a canal of six miles, goes from the Po into the Gulf of Venice. The other canals being so numerous, and without any remarkable features, it is needless to notice them. Many are for irrigation only.
From Ferrara to Venice the passage is made partly by the Po, and partly by canals. At Ferrara, we embark upon the canal Ponfilio, and, after an hour and a half, ar rive at Pont di Lag® Oscuro: then we enter the Great Po, and continue upon it 40 miles from Ferrara, and 50 from Venice ; then we enter a canal named La Cavanilla, and, after passing along it four miles, we arrive at the village Laurio. After proceeding three miles to Cava nell del Adige, making two miles upon the Adige, seven miles farther, we find the Sluices di Brondo, 28 miles from Venice, by which we enter the Venetian Lagunes, that is to say, a sort of lake, whereof the low tranquil waters are not agitated by the sea.
Formerly, the only na igation at Padua was the Bac chiglione ; it passes near Vincenza, and there receives the Rherone, after which it is navigable by barks of con siderable size. From Padua it passes, by a winding course of about 50 miles, to the Levant at litindolo ; be tween Padua ancl Vincenza there are nine sluices. The
fit st is a perfect lock, uith a fall of eight feet ; the others are only Pertuis, named in the country Bova, which will be described afterwards. At Padua, the principal arm of the Bacchiglione separates into several branches. Two canals encompass the city, one for mills, the other for navigation. After leaving the city they reunite.
In 1201, a canai was taken °lithe river, 11 miles above the city of Bassanallo. At eight miles it meets an ancient river named Vego Sena. This canal passes two aqueducts, the first near Mensellisse ; it affords a pass age to vessels carrying stones for the buildings in Venice. The second, named De Pcgozza, admits water fi-om the country of Padua and Vincenza. 'Fhe united waters proceed three miles to Dolo, and afterwards, under the name of Brentone, to the Sea or Basin of Brondolo. The water of the Piovego was long kept up by the Bovas only; but, in 1491, the Venetians caused to be constructed a sluice with double gates, which is considered the first example of a perfect lock. The credit, as has already been mentioned, is due to two brothers of the town of Viterbe ; the fall was five feet. A mile above Brenta, a canal of seven miles was made in the 12th century. The great sluice of Padua, named Porto Contarine, has 61- feet fall, and was constructed in 1505.
The Brenta begins to be navigable 15 miles above Padua. Five miles above that city it separates into two branches, the left by the name of Brenta Vecchia, goes to the village of Stra below Padua ; the right branch, named Brentella, unites with the Bacchiglione, some miles above Padua. The Venetians have repeatedly changed the course and branches of the Brenta. The Brenta communicates with the Adige by a canal of six miles from the basin of Brondolo, at the mouth of the Brenta, across the marshes. A branch entirely artifi cial, 20 miles in length, passes from Padua to Venice ; it has 50 feet fall, divided into four locks. Notwith standing all these numerous works on the Brenta, they were found insufficient, and in 1777, P. Ximenes, P. Frisi, and AI. Straties, were appointed. by the senate to consider a plan by Al. le Coloneli Lorgna respecting the disorders of the Brenta.