723. Statilius Taurus finished an amphitheatre at his own expense.
In the Year of Rome.
724. The temple of Minerva, called Chalcidicos, was built of brass.
725. Augustus built a mausoleum for himself and fa mily.
726. Agrippa, the friend and son-in-law of Augus tus, built, or rather altered and embellished, the Pantheon. See Plate CLXII.
727. Agrippa dedicated the septa, for containing the comitia tributa.
728. He erected the portico of Neptune, and near it built the temple and basilica of that deity ; he added the magnificent portico to the panthe on, and behind that edifice built the thernix for exercises in the Lacedemonian manner.
730. He constructed the great theatre of Marcellus, to the memory of Marcellus, son of Octavia, sister to Augustus.
734. He brought the aqua virginis to Rome, by an aqueduct fourteen miles in length.
743. He presented to the sun the great obelisk of Se sostris, brought by him to Rome.
During the reign of Claudius, the very curious tem ple of Faunus (see Plate CLXIII.) was built upon the Celian Mount. It was of a circular form, and had in ternally two rows of Ionic columns, with arches spring ing immediately from the capitals. The upper windows had each a column in the middle, with arches also springing from the capitals ; and these two arches were inclosed by a semicircular arch, which had its springing upon the jambs of the window, and, rising higher, left a considerable space between it and the two before-men tioned small arches ; in which space there was a circular opening. This is particularly noticed as an early and distinct type of what was afterwards named Saxon, Nor man, and Gothic. See Desgodetz' Ancient Rome.
In Nero's time, the city having been destroyed by fire, was rebuilt with more regularity and splendour. The accounts of the extent and splendour of his golden house exceed credibility. The strict eecononny of Vespasian enabled him to construct the temples of Peace (see Plate CLXIV.), and the Colisxum, two of the greatest and most magnificent edifices at Rome, the latter being 580 feet in length, and 470 in breadth. The elliptical amphi theatre of Titus was upon an equally large scale, be ing 564 feet in length, 467 in breadth, founded on 80 arches, and rising with five successive orders of archi tecture to the height of 140 feet ; the outside incrusted with marble, and decorated with statues; having 60 rows of seats, 64 vomitories, and calculated to contain 80,000 pet sons at one time : The extensive baths of Titus were equally splendid. During the time of Domi
tian, the temples of Jupiter Capitolinus and Minerva were erected. The excellent Nerva contributed to adorn Greece, by his liberal conduct to Herodes Atticus, a descendant of Cimon and Miltiades, who having disco vered a vast treasure buried under an old house, and con scientiously informed the emperor that it was too much for the use of a private man, was nobly told, " to abuse it then, for it was his own." Herodes having obtained for his son Herod the prefectorship of the free cities of Asia, this young magistrate immediately employed his treasure in architectural improvements. He, in four years, built the stadium at Athens, 600 feet in length, all of white marble; also a theatre, which lie dedicated to his wife Regilla. He restored the odeum of Pericles; he built a temple to Neptune in the isthmus, a theatre at Corinth, a stadium at Delphi, and a bath at Thermopylae. At Troas he supplied the city with water at a great ex pence ; lie built an aqueduct at Canusium in Italy ; and the people of Epirus, Thessaly, Eubcea, Bcetica, and Peloponnesus, also partook of his bounty. The forum of Trajan (by Adrian) was expressive of his great cha racter : it was of a quadrangular form, surrounded by co lonnaded porticos, and entered by four triumphal arches. In the centre stood his celebrated column, 140 feet in height, where the principal actions of his reign were re presented in exquisite sculpture, and have remained the truest chronicle of his time. his successor Adrian seemed to have journeyed over the provinces, in order to build and restore cities and public edifices : Ile built the beautiful city of Antinopolis in Egypt. At Athens, he completed the great temple of Jupiter Olympius, which had 128 Corinthian columns, each 60 feet high ; restored the walls and gates, and by inscription claimed the city as his. He supplied the city of Corinth with water. He was himself an architect, so zealous and vain, that the great Apollodorus fell a victim to an un guarded reflection upon his plan for the temple to Rome and Virtue. That his taste was open to just criticism, is rendered probable from the whim of his having all the styles then known introduced in his famous villa. He likewise built the great wall across Britain, between Newcastle and Carlisle.