7. The term lawn is applied to that breadth of mown turf in front of, or extending in different directions from the garden front of the house ; in the geometric style, varied by architectural forms, levels, and slopes ; and in the Diadem, by a picturesque or painter-like disposition of groups, placed so as to connect with the leading masses, and throw the lawn into an agreeable shape or shapes. In eery small villas the lawn may embrace the garden or prin cipal front of the house, without the intervention of terrace scenery, and may be separated from the park, or park-like field, by a light wire fence ; hut in more extensive scenes it should embrace a terrace, or some avowedly artificial architectural basis to the mansion, and a sunk wall, as the distant separation will be more dignified and permanent than any iron fence. The park may come close up to the terrace garden, especially on a flat, or in many cases where the breadth of this scene is considerable.
8. The shrubbery is a scene in which the object is to ar range a collection of foreign trees and shrubs in a dry border, generally on the north side of a walk, or in dug groups and patches. In either case there are three lead ing styles of arrangement, preferable to the common mode of indiscriminate mixture, which we have mentioned under winter garden.
Whatever arrangement is adopted, one very principal consideration is, to connect, partly in appearance only, the dug patches. The distinct unconnected obtrusion of such scenes is ju.ttly reprobated by Mr. Price, who gives excel lent instructions for creating the beautiful picturesque among dug groups, and preserving all the polish and ap pearance of high keeping with the most delicate culture of the plants.
9. The pleasure-ground is a term applied generally to the kept ground and walks of a residence. Sometimes the walk merely passes, in a winding direction, through glades and groups of common scenery, kept polished by the scythe, and from whence cattle, &c. are excluded. At othert imes it includes a part of or all the scenes above mentioned ; and may include several others ; as episodes, verdant amphi theatres, labyrinths, a Linnean, Jussuian, American, Frehch, or Dutch flower-garden, a gatden of native, rock, moun tain, or aquatic plants, picturesque flou er-garden, or a Chinese garden, exhibiting only plants in flower, inserted in the ground, and removed to make room for others when the blossom begins to fade, &c.
10. The park is a space devoted to the growth of timber, pasturage for deer, cattle, and sheep, and for adding gran deur and dignity to the mansion. On its extent and beauty, and on the magnitude and architectural design of the house, chiefly depend the reputation and character of the residence.
In the geometric style, the more distant or concealed parts were subdivided into fields, surrounded by broad stripes or double rows, enclosed in walls or hedges, and the nearer parts were chiefly covered with wood, enclosing regular surfaces of pasturage.
In the modern style, the scenery of a park is intended to resemble that of a scattered forest, the more polished glades and regular shapes of lawn being near the house, and the rougher parts towards the extremities.
The paddocks or regular enclosures are generally placed between the family stables and the farm.
I I. The Farm, or that portion of agricultural surface retained in the hands of the owner for private cultivation, was, in both styles, placed without, but adjoining the park ; and when circumstances admitted, near to the paddocks. In some cases, on a moderate scale, part of the park con stitutes the Avhole, or a part of the farm, and is kept in aration. The trees in this cultivated space are arranged in natural-like masses, so as to give the idea of part of a forest scene subjected to the plough. When the park extensive and truly forest like, the effect of the whole is much improved by the contrast, and recalls to mind those char ming scenes in the woody districts of Germany, where cultivation smiles in the glades and recesses of eternal forests.
12. The Riding, or drive, is a road indicated rather than formed, which passes through the most interesting and distant parts of a residence not seen in detail from the walks, and as far into the adjoining lands of wildness or cultivation, as the property of the owner extends. It is also frequently conducted as much farther as the disposi tion of adjoining proprietors permits, or the general face of the Fountry renders desirable.
In Plates CCCXLII I. and CCCXLIV. the whole of these scenes are arranged in the usual manner, and nearly as above described ; the one plate representing what may be called a vertical profile of a complete residence of the first rank in the geometric, and the other in the modern style. But though the arrangement exhibited in these plans will be found in general the most convenient in a flat surface, or one gently varied, we are far from recommending their universal adoption. Situations are always fertile in sug gesting new ideas, which and a mind already stored with a knowledge of every part of the subject works from principles, and natural suggestions, rather than models. \Ve would rather see an original idea attempted than the most beautiful al rangement imitated.
Plate CCCXLV. shews, in two general views, the ef fect of both styles ; and Plate CCCXLVI. to be after wards described, is the working ground plan of Plate