PIPRA, Lin. &c. MANAKIN.
Bill compressed, more deep than broad, and notched; nasal fossze large ; tail short ; two exterior toes united at about half their length.
P. rupicola, Lin. Ste. Crested, or Rock Manakin, or Hoopoe lien. Body saffron coloured ; tail-coverts trun cated ; crest erect, with purplish margin. This elegant and shy bird, which is about the size of a common pigeon, is found in many rocky situations, in South America, where it makes a nest of dry bits of sticks, in dark se questered recesses, and lays two white and round eggs. Like sonic of the gallinaccous order. tht.. female is said to assume the plumage of the male after she has ceased to breed.
P. Peruviana, Lath. &c. Peruvian Manakin. Body of a reddish saffron cast ; greater wing-coverts iish-coloured; quills and tail black ; tail-coverts not truncated. Larger than the preceding, which, in several respects, it consi derably resembles. Native of Peru.
As exemplifications of the uncrested manakins, we may select P. aureola, Lin. &c. Red and Black Manakin Body black ; head and breast crimson ; front of the quill feathers with a white spot. It is the most common of this nume rous and showy family, and measures only three inches and a half in length. The female is olivaceous above, olive yellow beneath, and has the crown of the head encircled by a red filament. Native of Guiana.
P. monocus, Lin. Ste. Black-ca/ijied Manakin. Black above, white beneath; spot on the neck and wings white. Found in the out-skirts of the large forests of Guiana ; and usually on the ground, or perched on a low branch of a tree ; living in families, but not consorting with its con geners; often hopping about, indicating restlessness ; feeding on insects, especially ants, and making a chatter ing noise, like that produced by nut-crackers.
AaIPELIS, Lin. Ste. COTINGA, Tern. &c. CHATTERER.
Bill short, somewhat depressed, deeper than broad, hard, solid, three-cornered at the base, compressed and notched at the point, a little convex above, and suddenly inflected at the point ; nostrils basal, lateral, half-closed by a mem brane, and imperfectly concealed by the hairs of the fore head ; legs middle-sized ; tarsus as long as, or shorter than, the middle toe; wings moderate; the second quill larger than the first. There are few birds more conspi
cuous than those of this family, for the delicacy and variety of their the beauty and glossiness of their plumage, shades of violet, purple, blue, orange, red, pure white, and velvet black, being lavished on them in gay profusion, sometimes softening, with great delicacy, into one another, and sometimes very strikingly contrasted; while the changeable hues which the same feathers exhibit, in dif ferent points of light, produce a splendour of effect, which neither the pen can express, nor the pencil pourtray. Many of them are destroyed, both for the sake of their feathers and of their flesh, which is reckoned delicate food.
rubricollis, Muscicapa rubricollis, Lath. Querula Vieill. Purple-throated Cotinga, Purple throated Fly catcher, &c. Black ; the chin, and a large spot on the throat purple. The female wants the purple !nark on the throat. Length eleven or twelve inches. Associates with the toucans in the forests of Cayenne, always announcing its presence by the sharp note of pee, ho, fluttering about with great activity, and subsisting on insects and fruits.
rl militaris, Coracias militaris, Shaw. Crimson Chat terer, of Crimson Roller. Crimson, with black wings and tail. The female differs in being grey-brown above, and white beneath. This highly beautiful bird, which is well delinea.ed in Levaillant's Natural History of New and Rare Birds from America and the Indies, is scarcely in ferior in size to a crow. Inhabits the forests of Cayenne and Surinam, where it lives on insects and berries, and is said to be very wild.
A. carnifex, Lin. &c. Red Chatterer. Red, with a band through the eyes, and the tips of the quills and tail feathers black. Different shades of red predominate in the male, evhich is about seven inches long. The female is brown red, more or less dashed with reddish, or with olive green, in different parts. Gmelin has deScribed this species under the designations of Carnifex and Coccinea. It is very common in Cayenne, Guiana, Brazil, and New Spain, where the colonists call it Cardinal, and sometimes Ooett, from its note.