Printing
Printing, A Term Susceptible Of Several Slight Shades Of Meaning, Is Used In This Article As Denoting The Art Of Making Impressions Of Figures, Characters, Letters, With Ink, Upon Paper, Vellum, Or Any Similar Substance ; Or, In Other Words, As Expressing That Mechanical Process By Which Any Piece Of ...
Printing Press
Printing Press, Is A Well-known Machine For Printing Books, Which, At An Early Period Of The Art, Was Brought To A Considerable Degree Of Perfection. Although The Name Of The Inventor Of The Printing Press Has Not Been Hand& D Down To Us, Yet It Is Known To Have Received ...
Prionites
Prionites, Ill. Aioniot. Feet And Carriage Of The Bee-eaters; But The Bill Is Stronger, With The Margins Of Both Mandibles Notched And The Tongue Is Barbed, Or Feathered, Like That Of The Toucans. P. Brasiliensis, City. Bainpha•tos Moinota, Lin. 3io Mota Brawiliensis, Shaw. Moinotus Brasiliensis, Lath. Baryphonus Cyanocephalus, Vicill. Brasilian ...
Procellama
Procellama, Lin. Petrel. Bill As Long As, Or Longer Than, The Head, Very Hard, Sharp-edged, Depressed, And Dilated At The Base, The Tip Compressed And Gibbous ; Both Mandibles Channelled And Abruptly Inflected Towards The Extremity ; Nostrils Promi Nent At The Surface Of The Bill, United And Involved In ...
Proteo Saurus
Proteo-saurus. This Animal Has Been Found At Different Times In Several Parts Of England, In The Lias, Near Bath, And Elsewhere, Having Been Mistaken For A Crocodile At Different Times, While Some Had Imagined That Its Bones Belonged To A Bird, And Others To A Fish. It Is Still, However, ...
Prussia
Prussia, Formerly A Duchy, But Now A Powerful And Extensive Kingdom In Europe, Is Thought By Some To Have Derived Its Name From Its Vicinity To The Vast Country Of Russia.. The Sclavonic Word /to Signifying Near Or Adja Cent, The District Which Prussia Originally Comprehended Was In Reference To ...
Psittacus
Psittacus, Lin. &e. Parrot. Bill Hooked, Upper Mandible Moveable, And, For The Most Part, Covered With A Case; Nostrils Rounded, Basal ; Tongue, In Most Of The Species, Fleshy, Obtuse, And Entire ; Feet Formed For Climbing. This Splendid Genus, Which Includes About One Hundred And Fifty Species, Is Peculiar ...
Psophia
Psophia, Lin. &c. Agami, Or Trumpeter. Bill Short, Arched, Conical, Curved, Much Bent At The Tip, The Upper Larger Than The Lower Mandible ; The Nasal Foss Wide And Extended ; Nostrils Near The Middle Of The Bill, Wide, Diagonal, Covered In Front, And Closed Behind By A Naked Membrane; ...
Pteropoda
Pteropoda. This Class Was Instituted By Cuvier, For The Reception Of A Few Genera, Whose Peculiar Characters Indicated The Impropriety Of Suffering Them To Remain In Any Of Those Categories Which Had Been Previously Established. All The Species Are Small In Size, And The Attempts Which Have Been Hitherto Made ...
Publius Ovidius Nasd Ovid
Ovid, Publius Ovidius Nasd, A Celebrated Roman Poet, Was Born At Sulmo, Near Abruzzo, On The 20th March, 43, Before Christ. Being Intended For The Bar, His Father Sent Him Early To Rome, And Afterwards To Athens, In The Sixteenth Year Of His Age. He Made Rapid Progress In Eloquence ...
Puerperal Fever
Puerperal Fever. See Midwifery. Puffendorf, Samuel, A Celebrated Historian And Jurist, Was Born At Floha, Near Chemnitz, In Misnia, In Upper Saxony. His Father, Who Was A Lutheran Clergy Man, Educated Him Under His Own Eye; But When He Was Sent To Leipsic To Study Divinity, He Acquired A Taste ...
Pump
Pump Is The Name Given To A Iva Known Engine For Raising Water Above Its Natural Level. It Was Invented By Ctesibius, As We Have Already Stated In Our But Has Received Many Improvements In Modern Times. In Giving An Account Of The Most Import Ant Variations Which This Engine ...
Purpuric
Purpuric Aein, Is The Name Of A New Acid, Re Cently Discovered By That Able Chemist Dr. Prout. It Has Long Been Known To Chemists That A Fine Purple Liquid Is Produced By The Action Of Heat And Nitric Acid Upon Lithic Acid.* When The Excess Of Nitric Acid Is ...
Pyramids
Pyramids, The Name Given To A Series Of Lofty And Stupendous Buildings In Egypt, Which Extend From Cairo To The North, Upon A Plain About Fifty Miles Long, Stretching Parallel To The Nile. This Plain, Which Is Composed Of Hard Calcareous Rock Beneath, Is About Eighty Feet Above The Level ...
Pyrometer The
Pyrometer. The Name Pyrometer, From Mvp, Fire, And Pt,erpoy, A Mea Sure, Is Given To Those Instruments Which Measure The Ex Pansion Of Solid Bodies By Heat, And To Another Class Of In Struments Which Measure Degrees Of Heat Above Those Which Can Be Indicated By The Mercurial Thermometer. This ...
Pyrophorus
Pyrophorus Is The Name Of An Artificial Compound, Which Ignites By Exposure To The Air. It Was First Made By Thunberg, In 1680, From A Mixture Of Human Excre Ment And Alum, But It May Be Prepared From Alum By Calcination, With The Addition Of Various Inflammable Substances. Three Parts ...
Pyrote Ciiny
Pyrote Ciiny. Tuts Art Is Properly Divisible Into Two Branches, Name Ly, That For Military Purposes, And That Intended Solely I For Show Or Amusement. The Former Division Is Very Limited In Its Objects; The Latter Is, On The Contrary, Very Extensive. It Is To Give An Account Of Each, ...
Pyrrhula Bullfinch
Pyrrhula. Bullfinch. Bill Short, Bard, Conico-convex, Thick, Gibbous At The Sides, Compressed At The Tip And Towards The Ridge; The Up Per Mandible Always Bent, The Under More Or Less So ; Nostrils Basal, Lateral, Rounded, And Most Frequently Con Cealed By Feathers In Front ; The Tarsus Shorter Than ...
Quadrant
Quadrant, From Quadrans, The Fourth Part Of A Circle, Or 90°, Is The Name Given To An Instru Ment For Measuring Angles Not Exceeding 90°, Though It May Be Fitted Up So As To Measure Greater Angles. In Our Article Astronomy, We Have Explained The Principle Of The Astronomical Quadrant, ...
Quartz
Quartz. Of This Very Common Mineral, It Is Only Necessary To Notice The Varieties Which Are Rare, And Which More Particularly Comprise Those That Present Peculiarities Of Colour. Pol Ewe And Loch Greinord, On The Western Coast Of Scotland. This Is Found In Gneiss, Forming Veins, And The Smell Often ...
Quebec
Quebec, A City Of North America, And The Capital Of The Province Of Lower Canada, Is Situated On A High Point Of Land On The N. W. Side Of The St. Lawrence, At The Confluence Of The River St. Charles, And At The Distance Of About 320 Miles From The ...
Queen Island
Queen Island. See Zealand, New. Queen's County, Is The Name Of A County M Land, Which Derives Its Name From Queen Mary, In Whose Reign It Was Established. For The Same Reason Its Chief Town Was Called Maryborough. This County Is Hounded By King's County On The North And West, ...
Queensferry
Queensferry, Soutu, A Royal Burgh And Sea Port Town Of Scotland In The County Of Linlithgow, Is Situated On The South Side Of The Firth Of Forth, About 9 Miles From Edinburgh, And On The Great North Road. It Consists Principally Of An Irregular Street, Composed Of Ill-built Houses, And ...
Quesnay Francois
Quesnay Francois, A Celebrated Physician And Political Economist, Was Born At Ecquivilly, Or, As Some Say, At Mercy, In 1694, And Was The Son Of A Common Labourer, Or A Small Farmer. His Education Was En Tirely Neglected ; And He Is Said To Have Learned To Read The Maison ...
Quintin
Quintin, S•. Is A Town Of France, In The Depart Ment Of The Aisne. It Stands On The River Somme, On The Canals Of Crozat And St. Quintin. The Streets, Which Are Numerous, Are Tolerably Wide, Clean, And Re Gular, And Many Of The Houses Good And Well Built. The ...
Quito
Quito, The Name Of An Extensive Province Of South America, Is Bounded On The North By That Of Santa Fe De Bogota, On The West By The Pacific, On The South By Peru, And On The East By The Portuguese Territories. It Is 600 Miles Long From North To South, ...
Radnor
Radnor, The Name Of A County In South Wales, Bounded On The North By The Counties Of Montgomery And Salop; On The West By The Counties Of Cardigan And Brecknock ; On The South By Brecicnock ; And On The East By Herefordshire And Salop. It Is About 20 Miles ...
Railway
Railway By The Term Railway Is Understood A Road Formed By Laying Distinct Tracks Of Timber, Iron, Or Stone, For Wheel Carriages. In The Construction Of Railways, Stone Is More Particularly Applicable To Common Roads, And The Use Of Timber Is Now Almost Laid Aside, While Iron Is Very Generally ...
Rallus
Rallus, Lill. &c. Rail. Bill Longer Titan The Head, Slender, Slightly Arched, Or Straight, Compressed At The Base, Cylindrical At The Tip, Upper Mandible Channelled ; Nostrils Lateral, Longitudinal, Cleft In The Furrow, Half-closed By A Membrane ; Legs Long And Stout, With A Small Naked Space Above The Knees, ...
Ramphastos
Ramphastos, Lin. &c. Toucan. Bill Enormously Large, Light, Cellular Within, Convex, Ser Rated Outwardly, And Slightly Curved At The Tip ; Nostrils Behind The Base Of The Hill ; Orbits Naked ; Tongue Long, Narrow, And Feather-shaptd. The Toucans Are Chiefly Indigenous To The Warmer Re Gions Of South America. ...
Rangoon
Rangoon, Formerly Dagoon, A Seaport Town Of The Birman Empire, And Province Of Pegu, Is Situated In A Healthy And Fertile Country, On The North Bank Of The East Branch Of The Erawadi Or Rangoon River. Ran Goon Extends About A Mile Along The Banks Of The River, And Is ...
Rant
Rant. Bill Middle-sized, Or Long, Straight, Compressed, Upper Mandible Much Ineurvecl At The Tip, The Lower Compress Ed, Base Of The Bill Involved In A Small Membrane Which Reaches To The Throat ; Face And Throat Naked; Nostrils Ba Sal, Linear, And Concealed; Legs Strong, Short, Situated Far Behind, All ...
Ratisbon Or Regensburg
Ratisbon Or Regensburg, An Ancient City Of Ger Many, In The Kingdom Of Bavaria, Is Situated On The South Bank Of The Danube, Opposite To The Mouth Of The River Regen. It Is Large And Populous, And Built Of Stone, But The Streets Are Crooked And Narrow, And The Houses ...