SALTA, situated at S. lat. 24° 50', on the road from Buenos Ayres to Upper Peru, 950 miles north-north westwa•d of the former. This city was founded in April, 1582, and has for its territorial boundaries, those of Jujuy, Tucuman, A ttacama, and the great Chaco of Potosi. The population of the city and suburbs amount to about 10,000, but the whole country 40,000, including the in habitants of Caldera, Rosario de la Frontera, Rosario do Serrillos, Chicoana, Auta, Sumalas, Goachipas, Serril los, Campo-Santa, Zoras, Corras, Valle de San Carlos, Valle de Caney, Rio del Valle, Balvuena, ira•Flores, and Macapillo. The province of Salta, though under the southern tropic, or but little advanced into the southern temperate zone, enjoys a mild climate. Many branches of the Andes extend themselves into its re cesses, and approach the Bermejo river. The country abounds in forest timber, and though unprovided with navigable channels, no country can be more abundantly supplied with pure and wholesome water. The mines of gold, silver, and copper, are much celebrated, and the province produces also iron, sulphur, and alum. The principal article of exportation is mules, which to the amount of from 60 to 80,000 head have been sent in one year to Peru. Salta possesses the first materialsof the three
kingdoms, animal, vegetable, and mineral, and it is already peopled by inhabitants worthy of their advan tages. Measures arc there adopting to render the Ber mejo navigable ; and a company is forming for that purpose in Buenos Ayres.
Jujuy, a small city about 100 miles north from Salta, stands on a river of the same name, a branch of the Ber mejo, at S. lat. 23° 50', and 13° 05' long. E. from Washington City. It was founded in 1591 ; its territo rial jurisdiction about 120 miles from east to west, and 210 from north to south; bordering to the north-west on Potosi, to the south on Salta, and to the north and east on Oran and Great Chaco ; population of the province 30,000 souls. Wheat, barley, maize, and different kinds of pulse, potatoes, sugar, honey, and brandy are exported, hut the principal employment of the people is in breed ing sheep, vicunnas, horses, and mules. The mules are here, as they are to an immense extent in Spanish Ame rica, the means of transportation, and are themselves again the most valuable article of commerce. Jujuy would be most signally benefited by the opening of the Bernick) to navigation.