SALZBURG, a city of Austria, and capital of the principality of the same name, is situated on the banks of -the Salza, between three mountains, at the mouth of a long valley, which crosses the Rhcetian Alps. The river divides the city into two parts, which communi cate by a bridge. The town is in general well built, but the streets are narrow and ill built. It has long been the seat of an archbishop, and contains a great number of churches and ecclesiastical buildings. The archiepiscopal palace is a large and magnificent edi fice. In front of it is a beautiful fountain, and oppo site to it is a fine palace called the Henebau, in which the courts are held; and also the meetings of the dif ferent colleges. It contains also the library of the archbishop. The palace of the bishop of Chiemsee, the chapter-house and the apartments for the canons are elegant buildings. The cathedral of St. Rupert, built in the Roman style, is more solid than elegant. It was consecrated in 1628, and is built of freestone and marble, and has two towers in front. It has five organs, and a grand treasury. The university church, consecrated in 1707, is a good building. The church of St. Peter is the oldest in the city, and near it is a monastery of benedictine monks, which possesses a fine library. The other churches of Salzburg are those of the Franciscans, the Theatins, the Holy Trinity, and St. Sebastian. The cemetery is reckoned one of the finest in Europe, and contains the tomb of the ce lebrated Paracelsus. Among the other objects of in terest here are the stables on the side of the Moens berg, and the three galleries excavated out of the solid rock of 220 feet long; the hospital of St. John, the portrait of Paracelsus, painted in the house in which he died, at the corner of the street Linz. The new gateway, excavated out of the rock in the Moensberg, has a length of 300 feet, a height of 30, and breadth of 24 feet, was executed under the direction of the bishop, whose bust is erected here, with the appropri ate inscription of Te Saxa loquuntur.
The university of Salzburg, founded in 1620, by Archbishop Paris, was converted in 1810 into a lyce um or academy of theology and surgery. Among the other literary establishments are an institution for educating country schoolmasters, and two public li braries. Belonging to individuals, there are various cabinets of minerals, of natural history, of medals, and of paintings. Many of the most valuable books and MSS. were carried off by the French in the revo lutionary war.
Salzburg is well fortified. The part of the city to the right of the river is encircled with eight bastions, and the part on the left side with three. The Moun tain Castle containing the principal arsenal, situated beside the eighth bastion, is very strong on account of its lofty situation.
Salzburg enjoys the most romantic situation among finely shaped and elevated mountains, and the view of the town itself, and those which may be commanded from the adjacent heights, particularly the top of the Moenschberg, are among the finest in the world.
Among the principal objects of interest in the vici nity of Salzburg, are the chateau of Helbrunn and its amphitheatre of rocks, Gastein and its golden mines, which yield annually 100 mares of pure gold, besides a considerable quantity of silver, copper and lead; and also its baths and fine romantic situation; Berch tolsgaden, already described, and the lake of Barthele me, and the salt pits of Hallein, which will be noticed in the following article.
Salzburg has few manufactures except hardware articles. In 1818, above 100 houses were destroyed by accidental fire. Population 15,000. East long. 13° 1' 35", north lat. 47° 43' 10". For farther information respecting this interesting place, see Besehreibung des Hauptund Residenzstadt, von L. Hubner. Salz. 1792, 2 vols. Reise dureh das Erzstift Salzburg, zum Un terrieht and vergnugen. V. Hubner. nebst Stundenzeig crund Strassenkarte, 1796, Svo. Schultes, Reise dureh Salzburg and Berehtesgaden. Vienne, 1804, 2 vols. 8vo.