The arriscs are the lines of concourse formed by every two planes, and are therefore eight in number.
Deals are of two kinds, white and yellow ; the white is employed for panelling, and the yellow for the framing. But of late, instead of white deal, American wood has been brought into use, and employed both in framing and pa nelling. It is soft, ye: y free from knots, and easily wrought; but is more liable to warp than white deal.
Of J1Touldings.
As mouldings have already been defined under Civic ARCHITECTURE, we shall here only point out those which are commonly used in joinery.
Wood is generally much thinner than the dimension of its breadth, reckoning the breadth and thickness on the sides of the rectangular section made by cutting it perpen dicular to the fibres, the length being understood to he pa rallel to the fibres. The faces are the two broad planes that run in the direction of the fibres ; and the edges are the two narrow planes which also run in the direction of the librt.s. The ends are the two planes perpendicular to the fibres.
When the wood has been reduced to the rectangular shape by the square and plane, so that the sides may be planes, and the angles right angles, the next operation is to take away the right angles, and reduce the wood to mouldings, which is called sticking, and the moulding is said to be stuck.
When the edge of a piece of wood is reduced to a cylin drical term, it is said to be rounded, which is the simplest ~petits work.
When a part of the arris is reduced to a semicylinder, that the surface of the cylindrical pan may be flush, Loth with the face and edge of the wood, and that a groove or sinking may be made in the face only, the cylindrical part is called a bead, and the sinking a quirk, so that the moulding is called a quirked bead.
When a quirk is also formed in the narrow plane, or edge, so as to make the rounded part at tile angle three fourths of a cylinder, the moulding obtains the name of bead and double quirk.
When there are two semicylindrical mouldings, rising aoth from a plane parallel to the face ; and when one comes close to the edge of the piece, and the other has a quirk on the farther side, and its surface flush with the face of the wood, the combinations of these mouldings are termed a double bead, or double bead and quirk. In this combina.
lion, the bead which is next to the edge of the stuffis much less than the other.
Mouldings are generally separated from one another, and frequently terminated by two narrow planes, at right angles to each other, calledfillete, which show two sides of a rectangular prism.
Mouldings, as well as fillets, are called members.
When a semicylindrical moulding, which rises from a plane parallel to the face, is terminated on the edge by a fillet, the two members thus combined are called a to rus.
If there be two semicylindrical mouldings springing from a plane parallel to the face, terminated on the edge by a fillet, this combination of members is called a double torus.
A repetition of equal semicylindrical mouldings, spring ing ruin a plane or cylindrical surface, is called reeds.
The cima recta, and cima revcrsa, are called in joinery ogee. The former is called ogee, and the latter ogee re verse.
Ovolo has already been defined in our article CIVIL AR CHITECTURE.
A quarter round is the fourth part of a cylindrical sur face, but has no quirk on either side.
Mouldings. for Framing.
In framed work, as doors, shutters, wainscoting, Ste. the edges of the framing is generally reduced at the angles to mouldings. The mouldings for this purpose are the ovo lo, or the ogee, with or without a bead next to the panel ; but when the ovolo is employed, a bead or a fillet becomes necessary. The ogee is either common or quirked, with a bead at the bottom.
When the margins of the framing terminate on the edges next to the panel, with one or more mouldings, which both advance before, and retire from the face of the framing to the panelling. The mouldings thus introduced are called bolection mouldings.
The panelling of framed work is generally sunk within the face of the framing ; sometimes, however, for outside work, it is made flush. In the best flush work, the panels are surrounded with a bead, formed on the edge of the framing, and the work is called bead andfiush. In the more common kind of flush framing, the bean is run on the two edges of the panel in the direction of the fibres,.and is called bead and butt.