BA RTHOLINE, TIIONIAS, a celebrated Danish anatomist, was the second son of Caspar Bartholine, a learned clergyman at Melanoc in Sweden, and the'. author of numerous works on medicine and natural history. He was born at Copenhagen in the year 1616, and after receiving his classical education in that city, he travelled through the greater part of Europe. From Leyden, where he began his medical studies, he went successively to Paris, Montpellier, and Padua. After an absence of eight years, he returned to Copenhagen ; and from thence he went to visit Basle, where lie was honoured with the degree of doctor of medicine in 1645. The first public situa tion which be held was the professorship of mathe matics at Copenhagen, from which he was translated, in 1617, to the chair of medicine, which he filled with great credit to himself, and with great advan tage to the science. Nearly at the same time with Jo'lliff and Olaus Rudbeck, he discovered the lympha tics while dissecting the bodies of live dogs, and he perceived the same vessels in the liver of a fish. (Sec History of ANA-roma.). Fatigued with the duties of a public life, he retired, in 1661, to his estate at Hoggestatt, where he continued nine years. prosecu ting with ardour his favourite studies. By some un fortunate accident, his house caught fire in the year 1670, and the whole of his manuscripts and valuable library being completely consumed, he was compelled to resume tlic active labours of his youth. The king of Denmark created him his physician and aulic counsellor ; and he was appointed chief inspector of the library of the university. These new appoint• ments, and the sympathy of his numerous friends and correspondents, soon consoled him for his heavy loss, and stimulated him with the utmost zeal for the prose cution of his labours. He died in the year 1680, lea ving behind him a family of five sons and three daughters.
- His principal works arc, Anatomica Ancurismatis dissccti historia, Panormi, 1614, 8vo. De Angina pucrorum Campania, Sicilimque epidentica, Neapoli, 1646, 8vo. De Lace I-Ionzinum et Brutorum, et do rails ct admirandis herbis qua; noctu lucent, Leidx, 161-7. Vasa lynzphatica, nuper Writhe in animan. tibus inventa, et in hominc, Haftnix, 1653, 9to. Catalogus operant Suorunt, hactcnus editorum, extat cum obscrvationihus earns de this use medico, Haffnix, 1661, 8vo. D0171713 Anatomica 1662, 8vo. Centuria Qmatuor epistolarum Medi. carton; republished at the Hague in 1740, in 5 vols. 8vo. De insolitis pram humani viis, Haff. 1664., 8vo. Historiaz Anatonzicce, Cent. vi. Acta Illc dica ct Philosophica Hajfniensis, 4 vole. 9to.—See Vander Linden De Scriptis Medicis. Haller Bihlioth.
_Absalom. and the Bih/ioth. Med. Pract. et Chirurg.
an Apostle, and a name which signifies the son of Tholomew. That it was customary, among the Jews, to name their children in this manner, appears from Bartimeus being inter preted the 891i Timms, Mark x. 46.; and Simon Peter, who is called Par-jona, Matt. xvi. 17., is in John xxi. 15. named Simon son of Jonas.
It is generally believed, that Bartholomew is the same with Nathanael, the one his proper, the other his patronymical name ; and it is well known to have been customary, among the Jews, to give several names to the same person. In support of this opinion, the fol lowing circumstances may be adduced. As John is the only evangelist, who makes mention of Nathanael, so lie never speaks of Bartholomew, which it is pro bable lie would have done, had they not been one and the same person. When the twelve apostles are named, Philip and Bartholomew are invariably joined together; and, as Philip was the person who first brought Nathanael to Jesua, it is highly probable, that Bartholomew is the same person who is by John , called Nahanni. When our Lord appeared, after his resurrection, to several of his disciples at Le sea of Tiberias, Nathanael is mentioned among the num ber; and all the rest named upon that occasion were apostles. (John xxi. 1,2.) From those circumstances, it is more than probable, that Nathanael was one of the apostles, and that he is the same with Bartho lomew. ' In the New Testament no mention is made of his Station or employment, except that he accompanied Simon Peter, and others, when they went a fishing on the sea of Tiberias. Several of the early fathers of the church tell us, that he was of Cana in Galilee, (as was also Nathanael,) and that he *was skilled in the law. Eusebius says, that he preachedChristianity, with great success, in India ; and that he carried' thither St Matthew's gospel in Hebrew, which was preserved in that country with great care, as a most valuahle treasure, From thence he went into the more northern and western parts of Asia, then into Lycaonia, and at last came to Albailople, a city of the greater Armenia. Having converted the king and queen of that country to Christianity, and having persuaded many of the people to relinquish their idolatrous worship, the priests were so incensed against him, that they prevailed upon the king's brother to deliver him into their hands ; and caused him first to be flayed, and then beheaded, or crucified, See Cave's Lives of the Apostles ; Augustine Tract. in Joan. vii.; Euseb. Mist. 1. v. c. IO. (A. r.)