The manufactures of Turin consist of woollen, cotton, and silk fabrics, damasks and velvets. Leather, stone-ware, liqueurs, works in marble, wood and wax, are also made here. The paper mills are on a large scale, and the government has a manu factory of saltpetre and gunpowder, and another of tobacco and snuff. The Po, which is navigable, fa cilitates greatly the trade of the place. The public walks are the Royal Gardens, the morning resort of the gay, the terrace on the other side of the river, the Rondo between the walls of the banks of the Po used as an evening rendezvous, and the Valentino. The Corso contains all the fashionable world in their carriages between 5 and 6 in the evening.
The environs of Turin are beautiful. About a mile beyond the eastern ramparts is the ancient place called the Queen's Chateau, situated at the base of a hill; the ascent to which is adorned with the villas and gardens of the wealthier inhabitants. At some distance from the city is the church of La Superga, a large and noble building, erected in memory of the defeat of the French in 1706. The Royal Mausoleum, containing the tombs of the kings of Sardinia, occupies the subterraneous por tion of this building. From the summit of its cu
pola may be seen the whole plain and the moun tains of Piedmont. In fine weather the view ex tends even to Milan.
The mountain of the Capuchins is resorted to for a view of the city, and of the beds of the Po and the Doria. The other objects of notice in the vicinity of Turin, are the Chateau of Shipiniggi, the church of St. Sauveur; the Venerie, once the chief country house of the king; the celebrated oak, half way between Turin and Venerie, beneath which a council of war resolved upon the attack of the French lines in 1706; Moncalderi on the Po, and the ruins of the ancient town of Industria, six leagues from Turin, in the direction of Verceil.
Turin is a place of great antiquity. Hannibal sacked the town which then occupied its present site, because the inhabitants refused to join his standard. It was afterwards rebuilt, and was called by Cxsar Colonia Julia, a name which his succes sor changed into Augusta Taurinorum.
The population of Turin in 1816 was 38,500, and in 1820 it was 90,000. East Lon. 7' 40' 15", Lat. 45° 4' 6".