The other manufactures of England we can only name; and probably from their great variety, our enu meration will not be complete. Gun-powder is made at Battle, Dartford, Hounslow, Waltham Abbey, Fever sham, Ste. Gun flints are a manufacture almost pecu liar to England. Shot are cast at Chester, the Borough, &c. Copperas works are established in the counties of Durham and Northumberland, in the Isle of Shepey, in Kent, Sze. Aquafortis is made 'at Bradford in York shire. Sal-ammoniac at Newcastle, Leeds, and a few other places. White-lead extensively at Newcastle ; and white and red-lead at Chester. There are snuff mills at Chester, Bristol, Liverpool, and Gloucester. Sugar refineries at London, Bristol, Liverpool, and New castle. Soap manufactories are established in many parts of the country ; hut London, Bristol, Newcastle, and Hull have them, perhaps, on a more extensive scale than other places. There are also manufactures of turpentine, linseed, rape, and other oils. The preliara tion of horse hair, furs, and feathers, employ a good many people. Brick-making is extensively carried on the vicinity of London, and near those towns where stone is scarce and dCar. But it would be endless, we perceive, even to attempt an enumeration of all the various kinds of manufactures of 'England. We shall, therefore, conclude this branch of our subject, by men tioning those manufactures, which are either confined to London, or carried on there to the greatest extent, and in the highest perfection ; and with enumerating the great variety of manufactures that are concentered in some of our large provincial towns, since the con-, centration of such a variety is perhaps little less aston ishing, than the extent and magnitude of the whole through the kingdom at large. By thus concluding this part of our subject, we shall also have an opportunity of. mentioning some kinds of manufactures which we may have overlooked.
The manufactures of London consist chiefly of fine goods, and articles of elegant use, brought to more than the ordinary degree of perfection ; such as cutlery, jewellery, articles of gold and silver, japan ware, cut glass, (drinking glasses, cut in London, have been sold so high as three guineas per glass,) cabinet and uphol stery work, and gentlemen's carriages. The amount of capital, and number of men employed in the manufac ture of these two articles, are not less surprising, than the elegance of taste and high perfection which arc dis played in the articles themselves ; both of which, especi ally carriages, are exported to a great amount. It is believed that the trade of a coach currier is carried on nowhere but in London. That of a gold-beater, also, is either exclusively confined to the metropolis, or seldom seen elsewhere. Clocks and watches, particularly the latter, are a very considerable article of manufacture ; the parish of Clerkenwell containing, it is said, upwards of 7000 watch-makers. The value of the watches and marine chronometers made in London and its neigh bourhood, is above 1,000,0001, independent of clocks ; the watch-makers of the metropolis making watches, not only for all the British dominions, but also for all the civilised world. London is likewise celebrated for the
exquisite skill in the construction of its optical and other philosophical instruments. Besides these kinds of ma nufactures, and others which have been incidentally men tioned before, such as hats, 8ce. porter breweries, vine gar works, copperas works, calico-printing, distilleries, glue manufactories, iron founderies, oil mills, saltpetre works, vitriol works, turpentine manufactories, manu factures of whitening, dye-houses, &e. may be mention ed. Muffs, an article of no inconsiderable importance, considering the price which some of them cost, are principally manufactured in London ; here also are chiefly found feather-dressers.
Perhaps in no provincial town is there a greater va riety of manufactures than in Bristol. Sonic of them have been already mentioned ; but we shall enumerate them all, in order that an adequate idea may be formed on this subject. Varnishes of uncommon beauty are made here ; hats ; leather, both tanned and dressed in oil ; saddlery, shoes, white and red lead, gunpowder, hard white soap of the best quality in great abundance, earthen-ware, glass, a brass-rolling manufactory, works for smelting lead and making shot, iron founderies and slitting mills, tin works, a manufactory of zinc out of calamine, pins and other brass articles, turpentine, sul phur and vitriol works, glass-making, refining of su gars, and distilleries, are to be seen in this city ; most on an extensive scale, and conducted with great spirit and enterprize.
Newcastle-on-Tyne probably is next to Bristol in the i variety of its manufactures. In this town, or its mme diate neighbourhood, are iron furnaces ; wrought iron works, in some of which anchors and various articles of naval ironmongery for the dock-yards are made ; works for smelting lead, refineries of lead, lead manufactories for rolling sheet lead, and converting pig-lead into ce ruse and minium for pigments ; patent shot, colour ma nufactories, a manufacture of Prussian blue, glass works, potteries, manufactories of coal, tar and lamp black, cop peras manufactories, manufactories of sal-ammoniac, glaubcr's salts, soda, brown paper mills, soaperies, su gar-refineries, salt works, and a manufactory for spinning linen yarn.
At Ilull, there are manufactures of sail-cloth, sugar houses, soap works, oil-mills, iron founderies, lead ma nufactories, a manufacture (if it can be so called) where mill-stones are formed of the French bur-stone, several whale-oil yards, large breweries, saw-mills, flour mills, &c.
In Liverpool and its vicinity are salt refineries, sugar houses, a vast number of manufactories for tobacco pipes and pottery, iron founderies, breweries, a steam engine for cutting and flattening iron, vitriol and white lead works, mills for cutting dye-woods, snuff-mills, salt and copperas works.