From this hallowed retreat, Amurath was called, by the dangers and the solicitations of his people, to place himself again at the head of his army. Ladislaus, king of Hungary, had been prevailed upon by the casuistry of pope Eugenius, and or his legate cardinal Julian C.xsa Hui,. to violate the treaty of peace with Amurath, which he had sanctioned by a solemn oath, and had penetrated into the Turkish dominions, carrying terror and desola tion wherever he appeared. Amurath hastened from Adrianople to check his destructive career, and having come up with him at Varna, immediately gave him bat tle. Victory seemed at first to declare in favour of the Christians; the Turkish wings were broken, and Annt rath himself regarded his ruin as inevitable. In thi, emergency, the sultan is said to have pulled from his bosom the treaty of peace which he had made with the flungarian monarch, and displaying it in the front of the ranks, raised his eyes and his hands towards heaven, and called upon Jesus Christ, if lie were really- a God, to avenge the dishonour which the Christians had done him, by violating the league to which they had sworn by his sacred name. Scarcely had lie uttered this prayer, when the vigour of the Christians began to re lax ; and they gave way to the overwhelming numbers of their enemies, still fighting valiantly, however, as they retreated. The battle was yet in suspense, when the young king of Hungary, in spite of the remonstrance and opposition of his general, I lunniades, rushed among the thickest ranks of the enemy, and cut his way through till he came to the spot where Amurath was surrounded by his Janizaries. A spear from the hand of the sultan pierced the horse of the youthful warrior, who, falling among the feet of the infantry, was instantly trodden to death. The fall of Ladislaus completed the consterna tion of his army, which gave way in all directions, and ten thousand Christians were left on the field. Nor had the Turks much reason to rejoice in the victory ; their loss was even greater than that of their enemies ; and Amurath himself confessed, that such another battle would be his ruin.
From the battle of Varna, the sultan again retired to the stillness and solitude of Magnesia; but his tran quillity and devotion were once more interrupted by internal commotions. The Janizaries, in the insolence
of victory, disdained to obey a young and inexperienced ruler ; Adrianople became a prey- to their violence and licentiousness ; and Amurath was implored, by the una nimous voice of the divan, to appear in his capital, and quell the insurrection. The presence of their victo rious sultan instantly overawed the tumultuous Janiza ries ; but Amurath, afraid again to resign the reins of government to the feeble hand of his son, was obliged reluctantly to support the burden of royalty; and having married Mahomet to the princess of Eli)istan, he ap pointed him to the vice-royalty of Asia Minor. The revolt of Scanderbeg, governor of Epirus, forced him to take the field with an army of 60,000 horse, and 40,000 Janiza•ies; but he was defeated before the walls of Croya, From which he retired with loss and dishonour. Encouraged by the disaster of the sultan, the Hunga rians renewed their invasion of his territories. Amu rath fell in with them at Cossuva, where his predecessor of the same name had conquered and died; and after many partial hut fierce encounters, Ilunniades, the gene ral and governor of Hungary, was forced to retreat, and was overtaken and imprisoned. The fatigues of war, and his disgrace at Croya, exhausted the strength, and preyed upon the mind of the sultan ; and on his return to Adrianople, he was seized with a disorder, which terminated his life in the 47th year of his age, and the 29th of his reign. Amurath seems to have been well entitled to the encomiums passed upon him by his his torians. Warlike in his disposition, he was yet so far swayed by justice and moderation, that he never drew his sword but to revenge injury, and repel aggression ; in the elation of victory, he was never deaf to the voice of submissive entreaty ; and in the observance of his treaties, his word was observed with the sacred strict ness of an oath. (k) Al\IYCLY., a city of Peloponnesus, founded by Amy clos, the son of Lacethemon, and called after his name. It was situated about eighteen miles from the metropo lis of Laconia.
In the history of Amyclx, there are few events of much importance. In this city Castor and Pollux were supposed to have been born ; and from it a colony issued, which built another city in Italy, which was also named Amychx.